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Most revolutionary period

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Early Baroque

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Early Baroque characterized by

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Homophonic texture

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Middle Baroque characterized by

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Diffusion of style in every corner of Europe

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Keyboard instrument sound produced by brass blades striking strings

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Clavacord

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Most characteristic feature of baroque music

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basso continuo

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Terraced dynamics

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sudden change between loud and soft

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ordinary citizens opportunities for hearing music came from

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church

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King of prussia

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Fredrick the great

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Fredrick the great was a

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flutist, composer, and general

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In italy, music schools were connected with

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orphanages

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Music director of a court in Baroque period

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supervised and directed performances, composed much music for performances, and responsible for upkeep of instruments and library

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Large courts during period employ about x performers

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80

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Small group of soloists pitted against larger group in a

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concerto grosso

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structure of concerto grosso consists of x movements

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3

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ritornello is a

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refrain

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in ritornello form

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tutti and solo sections alternate

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in concerto grosso, second movement is most often

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quickest and most lyrical

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polyphonic composition based on theme of

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fugue

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In many figures, subject of one voice is accompanied by x in another

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countersubject

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when second voice presents subject on different scale step, it is called the

answer

question

in the x, the subject is imitated before it is completed

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stretto

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subject can be turned upside down in procedure called

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inversion

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text of an opera

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libretto

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this soprano has a very high range and can execute rapid scales and trills

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coloratura

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the x tenor has a powerful voice and is capable of heroic expression

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dramatic

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vocal line in opera that imitates speech

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recitative

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instrumental composition that opens the opera and sets dramatic mood

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overtune

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most early operas based on greek mythology and

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ancient history

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members of camerata wanted to create new vocal style based on

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music of the ancient greek tragedies

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typical baroque operatic form was the da capo aria in ABA form in which the singer

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was expected to embellish (make more attractive) the returning melody with ornamental tones

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first opera house in Europe to offer anyone with price of admission opened in

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venice

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members of camerata wanted vocal line of their music to follow

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rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech

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speech like melody accompanied by only a basso continuo is called

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secco recitative

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Monteverdi spent greater part of his carrer in most important church post in Italy, that of

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St. Mark's, Venice

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To achieve intensity of expression, Monteverdi used x with freedom and daring

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dissonance

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In "Orfeo" Orpheus goes to hades in hopes of bringing x back to life

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eurydice

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remember that this statement is not true

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all twelve of monteverdis operas are regularly performed in europe

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to evoke angry and warlike feelings, Monteverdi introduced new orchestral effects, including pizzicato and

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tremolo

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Monteverdi's vocal music was ordinarily supported by a x and other instruments

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basso continuo

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a common variation form in baroque is the

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ground bass or basso continuo

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Dido and Aeneas, which many consider the finest opera ever written to an english text, was inspired by

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Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid

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indication of the claim given by Purcell can be seen from the fact that he is buried in

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Weatminster Abbey

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Baroque trio sonatas usually involve x performers

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4

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the sonata in the baroque period was a composition in several movements for

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one to eight instruments

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which baroque sonata was intended for church performance

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sonata da chiesa

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Corelli's trio sonata in minor, op. 3, no. 10 is scored for

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2 violins and a basso continuo

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characteristic of baroque trio sonatas, the second movement of corelli's Trio Sonata is

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fuguelike

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orlli was unique among italian baroque somposers in that he wrote

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only instrumental music

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vavaldi is closely identified with musical life of

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venice

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vavaldi wrote x amount of concertos

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450

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vavaldi wrote concertos for what reason

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for a variety of instruments

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vavaldi was famous as a virtuoso

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violinist

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vavaldis "la primavera" musically depicts

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spring

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bach achieves unity of mood in his compositions by using

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an insistent of rhythmic drive

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of bach's twenty children, x number of them went on to become well known composers

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4

question

bach created masterpieces in every baroque form except

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opera

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bacs personal music style was drawn from

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italian concertos, french dance pieces, german church music (all of the above)

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baroque suites frequently begin with a

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french overtune

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although all movements of a baroque suite are written in the same key, they differ in

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meter, tempo, national origin

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what is not part of baroque suite

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waltz

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the various dances of the baroque suite are usually

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in AABB form

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the french overture has

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two sections: slow-fast

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the x is an instrumental composition based on a chorale

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chorale prelude

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in bachs day, the lutheran church service lasted about x hours

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4

question

the x is a lutheran congregational hymm tune

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chlorale

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in their use of aria, duet, and recitative, bachs's cantatas closely reembled the x of the time

answer

operas

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a sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the

answer

cantata

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oratorios first appeared in

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italy

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the first oratorios were based on

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stories from the bible

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oratorio differs from opera in that it has no

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acting, scenery, or costumes

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in oratorio, the story is carried forward by the

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narrators recitatives

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an element of the oratorio that is especially important to the participate in the drama is the

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chorus

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george frideric handel was born in what year

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1685

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george frideric handel was born the same year as

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johann sebastian bach

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Handels' core output is english oratorios and Italian

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operas

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handels Messiah is an example of

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an oratorio

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Handel spent the major portion of his life in

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England

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Which is not by Handel

answer

Elijah

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The focus of a Handel oratorio is usually the

answer

chorus

Chapter 3: The Baroque Period – Flashcards

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