Chapter 3 section 2 history – Flashcards
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How might Catholic leaders have reacted to the quotation from the Act of Supremacy?
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Not very happy because they wanted a say in the politics as well.
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How might events in Germany and the rest of Europe have encouraged the English government to create the Act of Supremacy?
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They wanted England to be legally free from the Catholic authority.
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Different forms of Protestantism emerged in Europe when?
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during the 1500s
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Calvinism challenged Lutheranism with new ideas about salvation, England's Henry VIII created what?
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a national church
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In response to Protestantism, the Catholic Church also underwent what?
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a reformation
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Anabaptists challenged both Catholics and other Protestants with ideas about what?
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the separation of church and state.
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Who was an influential priest in the Swiss city of Zürich.
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Ulrich Zwingli
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Zwingli persuaded the Zürich city council to what?
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introduce religious reforms
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Zwingli supported a new church service that featured what?
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scripture reading, prayer, and sermons
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Zwingli sought an alliance with who?
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Martin Luther and the German reforms
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Zwingli was killed in a war between who and where?
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Protestant and Catholic states in Switzerland
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Who converted to Protestantism?
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John Calvin
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Who Fled from his native France to Switzerland?
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John Calvin
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who Published Institutes of the Catholic Religion, which established him as a leading thinker in Protestantism?
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John Calvin
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Calvinism replaced what as most important form of Protestantism ?
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Lutheranism
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who Believed in the all- powerful nature of God and predestination?
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John Calvin
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Like Martin Luther, who believed salvation was justified by faith alone?
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John Calvin
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England's King Henry VIII divorced his wife, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne Boleyn, which led to the king's excommunication why?
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he killed the priest because he did not give him a divorce between him and his first wife.
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In 1534, Henry defied the Catholic Church and had Parliament declare the Act of Supremacy, which created the what?
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Church of England
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Henry closed Catholic monasteries in England and sold what to the English nobility?
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the lands and other possessions that had belonged to the monasteries.
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Edward was the son of who?
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King Henry VIII and Henry's third wife, Jane Seymour.
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Who assumed the throne at age 9; and who ruled for him?
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Edward VI and the Parliament ruled for him
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The Church of England moved toward what kind of practices during Edward's reign?
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Protestant
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Members of the clergy were given what right?
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to marry
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Mary was the older half-sister of who?
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King Edward VI
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how many wives did king Edward have?
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6 wives
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Mary's mother was Catherine of Aragon, which of Henry VIII's wife's?
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first
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A new Protestant church service was created during who's rule?
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Edward's
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Mary became queen in ____, after Edward's death.
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1553
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Who attempted to restore England to the Roman Catholic Church?
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Mary
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Mary had nearly___Protestants burned as heretics.
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300
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What was Mary's nickname?
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"Bloody Mary"
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Why would Luther have disagreed with Calvin's belief in predestination?
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God does not choose your destiny, we do
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What made the English Reformation different from the Reformation in the rest of Europe?
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The king was the leader and did not come from religion but from power and political reasons.
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How did the Anabaptists differ from other Protestant groups?
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They are not a whole country because they are little communities here and there.
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Why were Anabaptists considered dangerous radicals by both Catholics and Protestants?
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Advocated for complete separation of church and state. Members would not participate in government. Members were not baptized until they reached adulthood. Declared ultimate church authority should rest with the local community of believers. Each church chose its own minister from the community.
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Faith alone guarantees salvation.
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Protestant
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Some people are predestined to damnation.
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Calvinists
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The supreme head of the Church on Earth is the king.
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Church of England
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Priest best interprets the Christian Bible.
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Catholic
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Government should have no political authority over Christians.
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Anabaptist
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The Bible is the only source of truth.
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Protestant
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All believers are equal.
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Protestant
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Catholics and Protestants both believe in what two sacraments?
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Baptism and Eucharist
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Humanist methods in Protestant secondary schools and universities meant _______?
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for more than just the societal elite
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Family was placed at the center of what?
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community life
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Ignatius of Loyola founded what?
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the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits.
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Pope Paul III appointed a _________ _________ to review Church corruption; the commission condemned actions by former popes.
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Reform Commission
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Encouraged the development of public schools for children to what?
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provide the church with good Christians
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The Council created a clear body of doctrine that reaffirmed traditional ______?
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Catholic teachings
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Faith and good works for what?
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salvation
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Officials held discussions over an 18 year period in what council?
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The council of Trent
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How did Protestantism change the role of the family in the clergy?
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The father was the head to the family and the wife was treated like a slave.
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What was Luther's view about women's role in society?
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They taught the children, had to obey their husband more like a servant than a wife.
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What were the three key elements of the Catholic Reformation, and why were they so important to the Catholic Church in the 16th century?
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The founding of the Jesuits, Reform of the papacy, and the Council of Trent. They were important because they unified the church, help spread the gospel, and validated the church.
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Why were ghettoes formed in the Papal States?
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The Catholic church was hostile
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Catholic Reformation was supported by what 3 elements?
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The founding of the Jesuits, Reform of the papacy, Council of Trent
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Clergy could what?
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Marry
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Traditional role for women as part of God's divine plan was what?
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marriage
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Discrimination against ___ continued ?
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Jews
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Luther hostile to Jews, urged what?
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that synagogues to be destroyed
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Another widely printed book was was _____ ____ ___ ____, and account of Christian martyrs that emphasized the suffering of English Protestants.
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Foxe's book of Martyrs
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Gutenberg printed a bible in about ____.
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1455
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During the Protestant Reformation, the printing press accelerated the spread of what?
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ideas
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The Catholic Reformation, or what was a revitalization of the Catholic church in the 16th century?
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Counter-Reformation
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Who had Seven sacraments and view of the Eucharist?
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The council of Trent
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Members of the what order vowed obedience to the pope?
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Jesuit
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By 1500 nearly 40,000 titles in print; more than half were what?
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religious books
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Clergy should not marry: true or false?
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true
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Belief and purgatory and indulgence were strengthened although they were no longer what?
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sold
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The mass printing of less expensive books made the Christian Bible available to more people, aiding the spread of what?
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Protestantism
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What unified the Church under the pope's supreme leadership?
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Council of Trent
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The Jesuits used education to spread their what?
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message
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Who were successful in missionary work?
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Jesuits
