Test Answers on Chapter 3 Psych – Flashcards
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Ernest Weber provided a formulation that is used to determine the ______________.
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change in smallest detectable difference between two stimuli
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Suppose Maria is painting while the sun is setting; once she notices that the room is getting darker, she decides to call it quits for the day. This example illustrates the role of ________.
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a just-noticeable difference
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An olfactory stimulus travels from receptor to _____________.
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olfactory bulb
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People's tendency to perceive a thing a certain way because their previous experiences or expectations influence them is called _______________.
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perceptual expectancy
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Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become ______.
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less detailed in the distance
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If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper, you will see a greenish image of the object. This phenomenon BEST supports the ______ theory of color vision.
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opponent-process
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What are the hammer, anvil, and stirrup?
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tiny bones located in the middle ear
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The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same physical dimensions, regardless of its distance from the viewer, is known as _____________.
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size constancy
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The point at which a person can detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the ______.
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absolute threshold
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Which is the best description of the kinesthetic sense?
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It has to do with the location of body parts in relation to the ground and to each other.
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Which of the following is true of rods?
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They are responsible for night vision.
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Flavor arises from:
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taste and smell
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When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates ______.
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binocular disparity
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All of the following are true about color blindness except:
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It seems to be more common in women than men.
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What are the five primary tastes?
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bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami
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The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called ______.
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linear perspective
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Why do researchers believe color deficiencies often have genetic causes?
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More males than females suffer from color deficiencies.
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The difference threshold is defined as the degree of change in a stimulus level that is required in order for a person to detect a change __________ of the time.
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50 percent
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Psychological aspects of pain perception can influence the release of the neurotransmitters called ____________, the body's natural version of morphine.
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endorphins
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Which of the following is true about cones?
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They are found mainly in the center of the eye.
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Proximity is the tendency _________________.
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to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping
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Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ______.
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binocular cues
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The idea that pain signals must pass through a type of "doorway" in the spinal cord is referred to as the ______________.
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gate-control theory of pain
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The ability to see the world in three dimensions is called ________.
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depth perception
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Activation of the receptors by stimuli is called ________.
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sensation
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The process by which unchanging information from the senses of taste, touch, smell, and vision is "ignored" by the sensory receptor cells themselves is called __________________.
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sensory adaptation
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One problem with Vicary's study of subliminal perception is that _______________.
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it never happened
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Figure-ground relationships concern _________________.
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the tendency to perceive objects, or figures, on some background
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The vestibular senses are concerned with ________________.
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movement and body position
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Somasthetic senses involve all of the following except ________.
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taste
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Closure is the tendency _________________.
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to complete figures that are incomplete
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______ is the mental process of making meaning of sensory information.
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perception
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A person can have between ____________ taste buds in his or her mouth.
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500 to 10,000
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Some people believe that _______ are messages that can be sent to consumers, prompting them to buy a product without their being aware of receiving such messages.
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subliminal stimuli
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Which of the following occurs when because one object appears to be blocking another object, the viewer assumes that the blocked object is farther away?
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overlap
