Chapter 29 Reading Questions – Flashcards
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How did the United States and the Soviet Union come to dominate Europe after 1945?
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The US mobilize for war by using total war. All factories produced products for the war effort this included boots and machine guns they ration their scarcity goods such as rubber, Young people even bought government war stamps
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How would you define the policy of containment?
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the ideological struggle between Russia (The Soviet Union) in the West in the latter 20th
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In what areas of the world did the United States specifically try to contain Soviet power from 1945 to 1982? Why were 1956 and 1962 crucial years in the Cold War
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Vietnam, mostly South Asia and South America
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Why was Khrushchev's Secret Speech of 1956 so important?
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Profit incentives did not seem appropriate in a socialist state and the diminishing role of federal government was a threat to power
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How did Khrushchev's policies and reforms change the Soviet state after the repression of Stalin?
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De- Stalinization progra He became a less powerful leader - Cuban Missile Crisis lost support of key figures in the armed forces who had stood by him in 1956 and 1957
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Why did many people consider Khrushchev reckless
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They believed the Central government (federal) did not have enough power and the devolution occurring would lead to the failure of the state
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Why did the nations of Europe give up their empires?
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They said that the Soviets could not have their owns empires and it was hypocritical. They also became a bigger cost than profit.
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How did World War II affect the movement toward decolonization?
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World war II began when Germany in the USSR invaded Poland and split the country.
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How did Gandhi lead India toward independence?
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Civil Disobedience; refusal to obey unjust laws He led a nationalist movement that the British eventually gave up on.
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How did French decolonization policies differ from Britain's?
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Britain left and left in a hurry which left Pakistan and India floundering and killed a million people. France stayed and fought, also killing people however and leaving the region unstable.
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How did the United States become involved in Vietnam?
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The U.S. Organized a coalition to fight global terrorism Through the Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, and Dollar Diplomacy, the US intervened in economic and political life.
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What internal political pressures did the Soviet Union experience in the 1970s and early 1980s?
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The US attempted to outspend the Soviet Union and it was also feeling pressure from the failure of states they supported
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What steps did the Soviet government take to relieve these pressures?
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They also attempted to spur productions and eventually opened up to the west because they were have fallen even further as a country
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What was the "Brezhnev Doctrine"?
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Assertion that the Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need. The Brezhnev Doctrine justified the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968.
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What role did Gorbachev's attempted reforms play in the collapse of the Soviet Union?
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Abandoned the Brezhnev doctrine and dismissed Marxism - Leninism as irrelevant. A permissive role as he also announced that each communist country should 'find its own path to socialism.'
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What were the major events in Eastern Europe—particularly Poland—that contributed to the collapse of communism?
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Assassination of Ferdinand, Zimmerman Telegram, Trench Warfare, Treaty of Versailles, Big Three, BRAT, League of Nations
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What are the major domestic challenges to the new Confederation of Independent States?
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The Soviet Union after a failed coup to remove Gorbachev led to the rise of Boris Yeltsin, and the breakup of the Soviet Union into 15 independent states. Recognizing that despite their differences and resentments there was still some need to cooperate with other former Soviet republics, the CIS was formed.
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Was the former Yugoslavia a national state?
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No, it had many ethnicities throughout the country so it was united under one nationality
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Why did it break apart and slide into civil war? How did the West respond to this crisis?
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There was conflict between the government and the people. Once the government was removed from power the Serbs and the Croats fought each other for control of the region.
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How did the American response to the attacks of September 11, 2001, divide the NATO alliance?
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Some NATO states wanted to attack the terrorists and some NATO states thought that was way too far
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Why do some European nations feel able to dissent from the U.S. position in the Middle East when they rarely did so during the Cold War?
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Because this was no longer a fight against Russia, it was almost completely a western conflict and to some views, contained within the US. The fore it was a general descent about their actions, not the US as a whole.
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What were the major causes for the rise of radical political Islamism?
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militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperalism
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In what ways is the present U.S. intervention in the Middle East a result of decolonization and in what ways are other factors at work?
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The decolonization process was unstable and left power vacuums filled by terrorsit groups who took advantage of the West.
