Chapter 28 Test Questions – Flashcards
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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led the Filipino's in an insurrection of American rule; ironic that he helped America capture the Philippines, but now fighting against Americans; U.S. troops infiltrated guerrilla camp and captured Aguinaldo in 1901
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William Howard Taft
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overweight lawyer-judge from Ohio; headed the Philippine Commission in its second year and created a close attachment to his "little brown brothers"
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Philippine Independence (July 4, 1946)
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Filipinos fought hard for their liberty; refused Americanization
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John Hay
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witty poet-novelist-diplomat who was Secretary of State under McKinley; sent out the Open Door note to all great powers in 1899; after Boxer Rebellion sent out another note stating that the great powers would embrace territorial integrity of China, as well as commerical integrity
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"Open Door" policy
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stated to all great powers that their leaseholds or spheres of influence in China would respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition; Italy only nation to accept policy unconditionally; Britain, Germanym France, and Japan all accepted, but subjuct to the condition that the others acquiesce unconditionally; Russia declined offer, but John Hay took it as acceptance (wow, really?)
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Boxer Rebellion (1900)
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Superpatriotic "Boxers" (rebels) in China refused to be the "doormat" for other nations; a response to the Open Door policy and foriegners invading China; over two hundred missionaries and other whites murdered, foreign diplomats besieged in Beijing; rebels appeased with an indemnity, or payment for damages, of what they stated to be $333 million total; U.S. would have to pay $24.5 million, but paid $18 million; money used to educate Chinese students in America
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William McKinley (election of 1900)
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up for renomination in Republican party; victory would be aided by having led U.S. to a victory in Spanish-American War, captured rich real estate, and established gold standard; took a backseat in campaigning; "Bryanism" paramount issue; triumphed with wider campaign than in 1896
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Theodore Roosevelt
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vice president under McKinley; "cowboy hero of San Juan Hill"; New York bosses wanted to send him away to Federal government because as Governor he was headstrong; toured the country with cowboys to campagin for election of 1900; raised to presidency 6 months into term- had wider knowledge of outside world than predecessors from travel
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William Jennings Bryan
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presidential canidate for the Democrats in the election of 1900; still demanded a silver standard; argued that Republican impearialism was the issue; campaigned throughtout the country unlike McKinley; Republicans argued that he would "rock the boat" of prosperity with free silver and dangerous ideas; lost election
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Imperialism
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paramount issue of the election of 1900; Republicans pro imperialism; Republican vicotry did not dictate a clear opinion on the issue; Americans were split
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Anti-imperialism
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Democraric platform; said that Lincoln freed the slaves, but capturing the Philippines put 7 million aliens in slavery again
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McKinkley Assassination (1901)
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Killed in September 1901, barley 6 months through second term as president; murderer was a deranged anarchist; Roosevelt took seat as president- promised to carry out policies of McKinley
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Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)
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Concluded with Britain and stated that America did not have legal rights to dig a canal in Latin America; Britain consented to change the policy since they had no friends in Europe and in the middle of Boer War
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Hay- Pauncefote Treaty (1901)
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Gave America exclusive rights to build a canal in South America and fortify it
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French Canal Company
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eager to have Americans build canal through Panama to salvage anything from their failure
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Philippe Bunau-Varilla
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headed the New Panama Canal Company which dropped its price of holdings from $109 million to $40 million
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Panamanian Revolution (1903)
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Panamanian's eager to rebel when Columbia refused America's proposal to buy land for the canal; the people hoped that prosperity would follow the construction of the canal; Bunau-Varilla and US naval forces aided in revolution; US justified intervention by a strained interpertation of treaty of 1846 (but Roosevelt was really just desperate to be elected president by his own means); occured on November 3, 1903 with the killing of Chinese civilian and donkey
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Hay/Bunau-Varilla Treaty
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signed by Bunau Varilla, minister of Panama, that kept the price of the canal the same, but extended it to 10 miles wide
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Col. George Washington Goethals
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West Point engineer who prefected the organization of the canal building in Panama
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Col. Willaim C. Gorgas
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exterminated yellow fever in Havana; made the Canal Zone in Panama "as safe as a health resort"
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Panama Canal Completion (1914)
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America completed the Panama Canal at a cost of $400 million; French had failed, but America succeeded
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Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
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"preventive intervention"; a reaction to Germany forcing Venezula debt payments; TR feared foriegn nations may get involved in Latin America- violation to Monroe Doctrine; corollary stated that in the event of financial malfeasance by Latin American nations, US would take over customhouses, pay off debts, and keep troublesome powers out of nations; "We shall intervene to prevent you from intervening"
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Dominican Intervention (1905)
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first use of TR's Monroe Doctrine Corollary; US took over customhouses and paid debts of Dominican Republic; officials not happy because they were guilty of graft
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Cuban Intervention (1906)
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Revolutionary disorders in Cuba led to US sending Marine Troops to intervene; really there was no need for US to intervene- abuse of Monroe Doctrine
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Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
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War broke out between Japan and Russia because Russia was creeping on Port Arthur in Manchuria China; Japanese felt threatened and declared war in 1904; administered beatings on Russia (first since Turkish invasions that non-European nation beat European nation); Japanese asked TR for aid as they were running out of resources
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Portsmouth Conference (1905)
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Roosevelt mediated delegates between Japanese and Russians after war; Japan demanded indemnity and island of Sakhalin; Russia refused to admit to their losses; Japan just got half of Sakhalin; outcome angered both parties- American created two new enemies
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Japanese immigration
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Japan did not allow citizens to emigrate until 1884 when many worked on sugar plantations of Hawaii; recruited to work in California where they performed the most dangerous jobs; barred from citizenship and faced racism
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San Francisco school incident (1906)
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after a earthqake and fire at a school, the school board ordered Chinese, Japanese, and Korean students to be segregated to a special school to make room for whites; Japanese, sensitive to racial insults, were outraged and were on the brink of war with California
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"Gentlemen's Agreement" with Japan (1906)
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Roosevelt did not think it fair for California to wage a war that all states would pay for; California School Board ordered to repeal the offensive school and Japanese government would withhold passports to reduce number of Japanese laborers in America
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The Great White Fleet (1907)
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Roosevelt did not want Japan to think that "Gentlemen's Agreement" was a result of American fears so he sent battleships to tour the world; started in Virginia and recieved welcomes in Latin America, Hawaii, New Zealand, and Australia; in Japan schoolchildren taught how to wave American flags and sing the "Star-Spangled Banner"
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Root-Takahira Agreement (1908)
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US and Japan pledged to respect each other's territorial possessions in Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China; Roosevelt went out of his way to avoid war with Japan
