question

Welfare Capitalism

answer

term for the sense of entitlement to federal support programs that workers developed due to Franklin Roosevelt's measure to relieve the human suffering and promote economic recovery during the Great Depression

question

Eleanor Roosevelt

answer

wife of president Franklin Roosevelt, became one of the most influential and revered leaders of her time and redefined the role of the presidential spouse, an activist and agitator who was ardently concerned with issues of human welfare and rights for women and blacks, she was the first woman to address a national political convention, to write a nationally syndicated column and to hold regular press conferences

question

Twentieth Amendment

answer

Amendment ratified in February 1933 that provided that presidents would thereafter take office on January 20th and the newly elected Congress on January 3rd

question

Frances Perkins

answer

the first woman cabinet member, Franklin Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor

question

Brain Trust

answer

a group of advisors, many of them academics, to president Franklin Roosevelt who assemble to recommend New Deal policies during the early months of Roosevelt's presidency. It was Roosevelt's inner circle of unofficial advisors

question

Emergency Banking Relief Act

answer

force all banks to close for 4 days in March, and then permitted only sound banks to reopen and provide managers to those banks that remained in trouble

question

Fireside Chats

answer

radio addresses to the nation by President Franklin Roosevelt, especially useful when he shut the banks for 4 days, he urged the nation to leave their money in the banks that reopened. Throughout his presidency he used these chats to advise the nation

question

Twenty-first Amendment

answer

amendment of 1933 that repealed prohibition on the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages, effectively nullifying the 18th (prohibition) Amendment

question

First Hundred Days

answer

the extraordinarily productive first 3 months of President Franklin Roosevelt's administration in which a special session of Congress enacted 15 of Roosevelt's New Deal proposals. Emergency Banking Relief Act, Economy Act, Civilian Conservation Corps, abandonment of the gold standard, Federal Emergency Relief Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Emergency Farm Mortgage Act, Tennessee Valley Authority Act, Federal Securities Act, Home Owner's Loan Act, National Industrial Recovery Act, Banking Act, Farm Credit Act

question

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

answer

a banking law that curbed speculation by separating investment banking from commercial banking and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation which insured deposits, part of FDR's first hundred days

question

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

answer

created by the Glass-Steagall Banking Act during FDR's first hundred days, it guaranteed personal bank deposits up to $5,000, separated investment and commercial banking, power over credit, required full disclosure of information about new stock and bond issues

question

Securities and Exchange Commission

answer

(SEC) part of FDR's first hundred days, was created to regulate the stock market by regulating the purchase of stocks on credit (margin buying) and restricting speculation by those with inside information on corporate plans

question

Civilian Conservation Corps

answer

(CCC) part of FDR's first hundred days, was designed to give work to unemployed and unmarried young men between the ages of 18 and 25 to keep them off the streets and out of crime, later it opened up segregated camps for women and African Americans. Restoration and conservation work out of the cities, jobs in forests, parks, and recreational areas and on soil, conservation projects, roads, bridges, given $30 a month but required them to send $25 home to their families

question

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

answer

(FERA) part of FDR's first hundred days, offered federal money to states for relief programs, money flowed to the states in grants not loans, pushed by Harry L. Hopkins

question

Harry L. Hopkins

answer

a touch talking, big hearted social worker who had directed FDR"s relief efforts in NY state and pushed FERA with boundless energy. He wanted immediate work instead of doles but states though doles were a quicker way to reach the needy

question

Civil Works Administration

answer

(CWA) very short lived, just to help people during the winter of 1933, put people to work in repairing bridges, building highways and setting up community projects. It was dissolved in the spring because it was too costly, and FDR was afraid that people would become too dependent on the government, to people out of the cold during the winter

question

Agricultural Adjustment Act

answer

(AAA) part of FDR's first hundred days, 1933, established a system for 7 major commodities that provided cash subsidies to farmers who cut production. Its goal was to raise farm prices by reducing supply. The money for it came from taxes on mills, gins, etc. It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court because of the taxes in the case US v. Butler. A second AAA was created in 1938, the first AAA helped contribute to the Dust Bowl

question

Dust Bowl

answer

due to the AAA encouraging farmers to leave land unattended and because of the Great Depression and a great drought the Great Plains counties turned into big open and dry dust plains with dust storms picking up tons of topsoil, it caused a massive migration of farm families

question

United States v. Butler

answer

a Supreme Court Ruling from 1936 that declared the AAA of 1933 tax on food processors unconstitutional

question

National Industrial Recovery Act

answer

(NIRA) Act of 1933 passed on the last of FDR's Hundred days that created public-works jobs through the FERA and established a system of self-regulation for industry through the National Recovery Administration, which was ruled unconstitutional in 1935, to handle the problems of overproduction, cutthroat competition, and price instability that caused business failures. Public works and the created the PWA

question

Public Works Administration

answer

(PWA) created due to the NIRA, it granted $3.3 billion for public buildings, highway programs, flood control and more. Under Secretary of Interior Harold Ickes the PWA served the purpose of work relief. It hired companies so that the government was not directly hiring citizens

question

Harold L. Ickes

answer

the Interior Secretary in charge of the PWA, he hired private contractors instead of workers on a government payroll, it indirectly served the purpose of work relief

question

National Recovery Administration

answer

(NRA) created by NIRA, head by Hugh Johnson, a colorful retired army general. It had 2 purposes: to stabilize business by reducing chaotic competition through the implementation of industry wide codes that set wages and prices and to generate more purchasing power for consumers by providing jobs. It defined labor standards, raised wages. It created committees representing management, labor and the government. It turned out to be a FAILURE because labor and management couldn't agree on things

question

Tennessee Valley Administration

answer

(TVA) created in 1933 to control flooding in the Tennessee River Valley, provided work for the regions' unemployed and produced inexpensive electric power for the region, part of FDR's hundred days

question

Okies

answer

displaced farm families from the Oklahoma dust bowl who migrated to California during the 1930's in search of jobs. The term came to refer to all migrants to California and was a negative term

question

Bureau of Indian Affairs

answer

(BIA) headed by John Collier, who steadily increased the number of Native Americans employed by the BIA and strove to ensure that Indians gained access to the various relief programs. Wanted the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act to reinvigorate Indian cultural traditions by restoring land to tribes. The Indian New Deal

question

Grovey v. Townsend

answer

(1935) a Supreme Court case that upheld Texas' white primary and upheld racism

question

Huey P. Long

answer

Louisiana Senator and political boss who was an outspoken critic of President FDR and proposed his own Share the Wealth program to revive Roosevelt's new Deal, he was assassinated in 1935

question

Share the Wealth

answer

a program advocated by Louisiana Senator Huey P. Long that appealed to desperate lower middle class Americans during the Great Depression. One version proposed confiscating large personal fortunes, guaranteeing every family a cash grant of $5,000 and every worker an annual income of $2,5000, providing pensions to the aged, reducing work hours, paying veterans' bonuses and ensuring college education for every qualified student. The figures didn't add up and offered little to promote economic recovery.

question

Francis E. Townsend

answer

California doctor who thought up a popular social scheme based on government pensions for the aged as a solution to the hardships of the Great Depression

question

Father Charles E. Coughlin

answer

Roman Catholic 'radio priest' who founded the National Union for Social Justice in 1934, he promoted schemes for the coinage of silver and made a Hacks on bankers that carried growing overtones of anti-Semitism

question

Schechter Poultry Corporation v. U.S.

answer

"sick chicken case", the court killed the NIRA because it had convicted a company of selling unfit chickens. The High court ruled that Congress had delegated too much power to the executive branch when it granted the code making authority to the NRA. The poultry company was entirely in one state and therefore the government had no control over it

question

Wagner Act

answer

aka the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, it established the National Labor Relations Board and facilitated unionization by regulating employment and bargaining practices. It prohibited employers from interfering with union activities. Part of the 2nd New Deal

question

Social Security Act

answer

Act of 1935 that created the Social Security system with provisions for a retirement pension, unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and welfare, workers and employers would pay money into the fund that they would then be able to use when injured or retired

question

Work Progress Administration

answer

(WPA) a main federal relief agency for the depression, it put relief workers directly on the federal payroll

question

Revenue Act of 1935

answer

"soak the rich" tax, a tax reform bill that increased estate and corporate taxes and instituted higher personal income tax rates in the top brackets, very controversial

question

Court Packing Plan

answer

President FDR's failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15 in order to save his 2nd New Deal programs from constitutional challenges

question

John L. Lewis

answer

Union leader of the United Mine Workers who was among the first to exploit the spirit of the NIRA and promoted a campaign to organize workers in the mass-production industries

question

Committee for Industrial Organization

answer

(CIO) Umbrella organization of semiskilled industrial unions form in 1935 as the CIO within the American Federation of labor, but it expelled from the AFL and renamed in 1938 the Congressed of Industrial Organizations

question

United Auto Workers

answer

?

question

Henry Morgenthau

answer

Treasury Secretary, he led a group who favored less spending and a balanced budget, the slow pace of recovery, he thought, resulted from the reluctance of businesses to invest

question

John Maynard Keynes

answer

an English economist that said it was okay to spend on a deficit. During deflation the Government should increase spending and taxes should decrease to increase circulation of money and during Inflation government spending should decrease and taxes should increase to take money out of circulation

question

Wagner-Steagall National Housing Act

answer

created low income housing by subsidizing rents for poor people and extended long-term loans to local agencies willing to assume part of the cost of slum clearance and public housing

question

Bankhead Jones Farm Tenant Act

answer

made available rehabilitation loans to shore up marginally profitable farmers and prevent their sinking into tenancy. Made loans to tenants so they could buy their own farms

question

Farm Security Administration

answer

set up by the Bankhead Jones Farm Tenant Act to administer loans to farmers and tenants

question

Fair labor Standards Act

answer

applied only to enterprises that operated or affected interstate commerce, set a minimum wage per hour, and set a maximum work week of forty hours. It also prohibited child labor under the age of 16

question

Administrative Reorganization Act

answer

the president can now "reduce, coordinate, consolidate and reorganize" government agencies

question

John Steinbeck

answer

a writer whose novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939) captured the ordeal of the depression with its vivid tale of the Joad family's painful journey west from Oklahoma

History Chapter 28 Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards