Chapter 26 World History Honors – Flashcards
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When did France and Russia form and alliance?
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1893
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When did France and Britain sign an entente?
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1904
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Who else signed a similar entente with Russia?
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Britain
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A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other
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Stalemate
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A large, gas filled balloon
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Zeppelin
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A German submarine
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U-boat
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How and where was Word War 1 fought?
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New weapons such as tanks, airplanes, and submarines changed the way war was fought. It was primarily fought in Europe but spread to the colonies, Asia and middle east.
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Did the Schlieffen plan work?
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No
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What did both sides dig in order for protection, and also cause a deadly stalemate?
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Trenches
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Where was "no man's land"
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In between the two side's trenches
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T or F: Russia was not as industrialized as other European nations
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True
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Which side did the Ottoman Empire take in 1914?
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The central powers
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Who did the Ottoman Empire cut off from supplies?
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Russia
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What happened to Turkish Armenians when they tried to help Russians?
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They were massacred or deported
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Who did the Ottoman Empire lose their territory to?
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Arab nationalists
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What were the colonies in great Britain (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) sent to do?
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Support Britain and fight with them in the war
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Channeling all of a nation's resources into a war effort
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Total war
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"The draft" which required all young men to be ready for military services
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Conscription
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Spreading ideas to promote or damage a cause
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Propaganda
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an agreement to end fighting
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Armistice
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The right of people to choose their own form of government
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Self-determination
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How did the Allies win World War 1? (the triple entente)
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When Russia exited the war, Germany gained ground against the allies because the Germans were no longer fighting on two fronts.
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The total war...
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All resources were to be put toward war
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How did countries raise up for war?
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Raised taxes, rationed food sources and materials, set prices and forbade strikes.
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1920
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Women get their right to vote
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1917
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Morale falls, soldier from many countries began to mutiny, and civilians call for peace
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1918
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Russia signs treaty to get out of the war
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In may of 1915, A boat is sunk using a German torpedo and sank the British passenger ship Lusitania, 128 Americans were on it
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U.S President Woodrow threatens to cut all ties with Germany
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1917 , Germany does what
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Increases it's attacks from its U-boats
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April 1917, President Wilson asked the United states congress to declare war on ______.
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Germany
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1940 was the beggining of the war
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The war ends late 1918
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The fourteen points
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plan for world peace
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Wilson's 14 points included
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- Freedom of the seas - free trade - arms reduction - an end to secret treaties - self-determination for eastern europe - an assosiation of nations to keep the peace
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Reparations
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Payment for war damage
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Radicals
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People who want to make extreme change
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Mandate
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A territory administered by Western powers
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What factors influenced the peace treaties that ended World War 1, and how did people react to the treaties?
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The allies wanted to punish Germany and the Central powers, the U.S came to negotiations wanting to create a lasting peace and offer eastern Europeans self-determination
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World War 1 devastated all of the nations involved. Approximately how many people died?
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8.5 million men died, more than 16 million wounded, 6-13 million civilians as well.
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What governments collapsed under war?
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Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire
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What did all of the countries want?
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USA - "peace without victory" Britain- money to rebuild and improve Britain France- a weakened Germany Italy- land promised to Italy in their secret treaties
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The allies drew up separate treaties with the other Central Powers, what else did they do?
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Re-drew the map of Europe
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What are some of the new nations that have been created?
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Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia
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Mandates..
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Guided in rebuilding and new governments, looked after the new nations, kind of like a babysitter. They were treated like colonies
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What did Germany's resentment of the Treaty of Versailles lead to?
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Nationalism and the Natzis
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Wilson succeed in establishing the League of Nations, a group for more than 40 countries formed to negotiate disputes in an effort to avoid future wars.
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It only lasted about 20 years and did not work.
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Proletariat
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Working class
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Soviet
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A council of workers and soldiers
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Cheka
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Early Soviet secret police force
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Commissar
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Community party official assigned to the army to teach party principals
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How did two revolutions in a civil war bring about Communist control of Russia?
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During the war years, Russia faced increased problems at home. Their goals of ending the war and solving problems that the Revolution of 1905 had not. Lenin and his successor, Stalin, created a Communist Russia.
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What problems did Russia have still why the Revolution is taking place? (under Tsar Nicholas)
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Rulers still lived in Luxury while their people lived in poverty, Corruption was rampant, the Duma had no power
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World War 1 united many Russians, but the war managed to _____ the countries resources. What did this cause?
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Strained; Factories couldn't produce enough military supplies, millions of soldiers died, and transportation systems couldn't deliver food and supplies to the battlefields.
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What did Tsar Nicholas do to try and put more faith in the government?
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Traveled to the battlefield to show the face of the government in military however he proved to be a poor military leader
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Who was the "mad monk" and what was he supposed to do?
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Rasputin, or the mad monk, was supposed to lead the the government while the Tsar was away and have powers to cure their son; however he further eroded public confidence in the government and did not fulfill his promises
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The Duma set up a temporary government and began to write a ______ to create a Russian ______.
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Constitution; Republic
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Mensheviks
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- Favored gradual reform - Favored more rights for lower classes
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Bolshevicks
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- Believed in radical change - Favored total revolution
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Who led the Bolsheviks?
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V.I Lenin
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In November 1917, ____ followers seized power. The Bolsheviks, renamed Communist, made changes quickly. They ended private ownership, gave land to peasants, gave factory and mine control of it to the people, and withdrew from WW1
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Lenins
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Civil war in Russia (Reds vs Whites)
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The communist were red and the non-communist were whites. In 1918, the former Tsar and his family were shot, the Red army had taken control of Russia
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"war communism"
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Lenin takes over complete control of banks, mines, factories, and railroads.
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War Communism vs New Economic Policy
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W.C - state controlled banks, mines, factories and railroads - small businesses forced to give profits to the states - Farmers forced to give crops to feed the army/poor N.E.P - State controlled banks and large industries - small businesses allowed some profit - farmers allowed to sell surplus crops for profit
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1922, Lenin united Russian lands into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and adopted new constitutions, what did this entail
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The government had an elected legislature, citizens gained right to vote, and workers were given control of the means of production
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No ____ in Russia, Lenin created a government where the Communist were the leaders, not the people
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proletariat
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Non-binding agreement to follow certain policies
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entente
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Who was the entente between
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England, France and Russia
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Provinces claimed by both Germany and France
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Alscae
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Another word for final demand
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Ultimatum
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Policy of not taking sides in a war
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Neutrality
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Which nation made up the triple aliance
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Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary
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Which of the following was a major cause of rising international tensions in the early 1900s?
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Competition for colonial territories
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Why were Siberian nationalists angry when Franz Ferdinand of Austria -hungry visited bosnia
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Serbian Nationalist saw Austrians as oppressive foreign rulers
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Why did Russia join in World War 1?
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Russia was Siberia's Allie, Russia vowed to protect them
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What was the Schrieffen plan designed to avoid? (Germans)
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A war on two fronts
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The ______ caused damage British shipping
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German U-boats
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Convoys were made for ____ of ships
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Protection
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Turkey cut off allied supply lines by closing the what
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Dardanelles
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Triple entante
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Great Britain, France and Russia (Japan and Usa later on)
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Which of these describes an important change during the war?
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Ottoman Empire joins central powers
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Requiring people to serve in the military or other services
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Conscription
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Agreement to end fighting
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Armistic
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Immediate result of Russia withdrawing from the war
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Germans focused their efforts on the western front
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Who are the big three?
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Germany, France & U.S.A
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Treaty of Versailles ended what?
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World War 1
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Leader of France
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George Clemenstone
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Leader of Great Britain
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Llyod Gerorge
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United states
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Woodrow Wilson
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What countries were created following the war
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Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and others
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The League of nations was weakened why?
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The United States refused to join it
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Secret police
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Checka
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Two factors the lead to the Tzars abdication were
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food shortages and defeat in battle
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Leader of the Bolshivicks
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Vladimir Lenin
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Why did Lenin adapt Marxists ideas to Russian conditions
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Russia did not have a large force of Urban workers
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in 1917 the Bolsheviks seized power from who
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The provisional government
