Chapter 25 Patient Education – Flashcards
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Identify the purposes of patient education
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1. Maintenance and Promotion of health and illness prevention 2. Restoration of health 3. Coping with impaired functions
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Three domains of learning
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Cognitive Learning Affective Learning Psychomotor Learning
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Include patient teaching while performing routine nursing care
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each interaction with a patient is an opportunity to teach
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Patient education in healthcare: - Maintenance and promotion of health and illness prevention
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Nurse is a visible, competent resource for patient who want to improve their physical and psychological well-being. Nurses provide information and skills that allow patients to assume healthier behaviors
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Patient education in healthcare: Restoration of health
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Nurses learn to identify patients willingness to learn and motivate interest in learning. -Injured or ill patients need information and skills to help them regain or maintain their levels of health.
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Patient education in healthcare: Coping with impaired functions
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New knowledge and skills are often necessary for patients to continue ADLs and learn to cop with permanent health alterations.
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Teaching
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interactive process that promotes learning
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Learning
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acquisition of new knowledge, behaviors, skills
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Learning objective
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describes what the learner will be able o do after successful instruction
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Cognitive learning
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Is obtaining new information, applying the information, and evaluating the information. (ex. A nurse is teaching a 27-year-old gentleman how to adjust his insulin dosages based on his blood sugar results. What type of learning is this?clients learn the signs and symptoms or hypoglycemia and then verbalize when to notify the provider)
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affective learning
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involves feelings, beliefs, and ideals. ( a mother saying her child is ready to potty train, but after an educational session with a nurse about potty training the mother says that her child is not ready yet)
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Psychomotor learning
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integration of mental and muscular activity, ranging from perception of origination Example:transferring patients from bed to chair or when clients practice preparing insulin injections
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attentional set
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the mental state that allows the leaner to focus on and comprehend a learning activity
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motivation
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force that acts on or within a person, causing the person to behave in a particular way
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self-efficacy
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a person perceived ability to successfully complete a task
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Five Stages of Adaptation to illness and Grief
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1. Denial or Disbelief 2. Anger 3.Bargaining 4. Resolution 5. Acceptance
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Learning in children
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Depends on maturation -intellectual growth moves from the concrete to abstract as the child matures - information presented to children needs to be understandable and based on the child's developmental stage
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Adult learning
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Self Directed learners -become dependent in new learning situations - the amount of information provided and the amount of time varies depending on the patients personal situation and readiness to learn .
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Physical capability
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to learn psychomotor skills, the physical characteristics are necessary: Size, Strength, Coordination, and sensory acuity
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The Nursing process requires
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assessment of all sources to date to determine a patients personal health care needs
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Teaching process focuses on
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focuses on the patients learning needs and willingness and capability to learn
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Assessment: Learning Needs
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information or skills needed by the patient to person self care and to understand the implications of a health problem
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Assessment: Learning Needs
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patients experiences that influence the need to learn
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Assessment: Learning Needs
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information that the family members require
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Assessment: Motivation to learn
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behavior
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Assessment: Motivation to learn
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health beliefs and sociocultural background
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Assessment: Motivation to learn
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perception of severity and susceptibility of a health problem and the benefits and barriers to treatment
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Assessment: Motivation to learn
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perceived ability to perform behaviors
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Assessment: Motivation to learn
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desire to learn
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Assessment: Motivation to learn
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attitudes about providers
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Assessment: Motivation to learn
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learning style preference
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Assessment: Ability to learn
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Physical strength, movement, dexterity, and coordination
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Assessment: Ability to learn
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Sensory deficits
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Assessment: Ability to learn
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Reading level
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Assessment: Ability to learn
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Developmental level
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Assessment: Ability to learn
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cognitive function
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Assessment: Ability to learn
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Physical symptoms that interfere
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Assessment: Teaching environment
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Distractions or persistent noise
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Assessment: Teaching environment
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Comfort of the room
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Assessment: Teaching environment
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Physical symptoms that interfere
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Assessment: Resources for learning
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Willingness to have family memebers and others involved in the teaching plan
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Assessment: Resources for learning
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Family members perceptions and understanding of the illness and its implications
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Assessment: Resources for learning
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Willingness and ability to participate in care
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Assessment: Resources for learning
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Financial or material resources
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Assessment: Resources for learning
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teaching tools
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Define Functional illiteracy
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is the ability to read above a 5th grade level
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Diagnosis: How the nurse would define the problem
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The nurses assess information related to the patients ability and need to learn and interprets data and cluster defining characteristics to form diagnoses that reflect the patients specific learning needs. This ensures that teaching will be goal directed and individualized.
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Planning: Teaching techniques that incorporate principles of learning
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1. Setting Priorities 2. Timing 3. Organizing teaching material
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Setting Priorities
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Priorities should be based on the patients immediate needs (perception of what is most important, anxiety level, and amount of time available), nursing diagnoses, and the goals and outcomes established for the patient.
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Timing
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time the teaching for when a patient is most attentive, receptive, and alert and organize the activities to provide time for rest and teaching learning interactions
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Organizing teaching material
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organize into a logical sequence progessing rom simple to complex ideas
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Telling
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the nurse outlines the task the patient will perform and gives explicit instructions most appropriate when preparing a patient for an emergency procedure
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Participating
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the nurse and aptient set objectives and become involved in the learning process together
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Entrusting
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provides the patient with the oppurtunity to manage self care
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Reinforcement
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using a stimulus that increases the probability for a response
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One-on-one instruction
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most common method of instruction
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Group instruction
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economical way to teach a number of patients at one time
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Return demonstration
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the chance to practice the skill
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Analogies
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supplement verbal instruction with familiar images
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Role Play
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people play themselves or someone else
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Simulation
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the nurse poses a pertinent problem or situation for patients to solve, which provides an opportunity to identify mistakes
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Internal impulse that causes a person to take action is:
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Motivation
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The youngest age group to teach psychomotor skills
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School age
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Nursing Diagnoses that indicate a need for education
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1. Deficient knowledge (affective, cognitive, psychomotor) 2. Ineffective health maintenance 3. Impaired home maintenance 4. Ineffective family therapeutic regimen management 5. Ineffective self-health management 6. Non-compliance (with medications)
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A patient needs to learn to use a walker. Which domain is required for learning this skill?
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Psychomotor domain
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The nurse is planning to teach a patient about the importance of exercise. When is the best time for teaching to occur? (Select all that apply.)
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When the patient's pain medications are working Just before lunch, when the patient is most awake and alert
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A patient newly diagnosed with cervical cancer is going home. The patient is avoiding discussion of her illness and postoperative orders. What is the nurse's best plan in teaching this patient?
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Provide only the information that the patient needs to go home
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The school nurse is about to teach a freshman-level high school health class about nutrition. What is the best instructional approach to ensure that the students meet the learning outcomes?
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Develop topics for discussion that require problem solving
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A nurse is going to teach a patient how to perform breast self-examination. Which behavioral objective does the nurse set to best measure the patient's ability to perform the examination?
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The patient will perform breast self-examination correctly on herself before the end of the teaching session
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A patient with chest pain is having an emergency cardiac catheterization. Which teaching approach does the nurse use in this situation?
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Telling approach
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The nurse is teaching a parenting class to a group of pregnant adolescents. The nurse pretends to be the baby's father, and the adolescent mother is asked to show how she would respond to the father if he gave her a can of beer. Which teaching approach did the nurse use?
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Role play
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An older adult is being started on a new antihypertensive medication. In teaching the patient about the medication, the nurse:
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Allows the patient time to express himself or herself and ask questions.
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A patient needs to learn how to administer a subcutaneous injection. Which of the following reflects that the patient is ready to learn?
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Expressing the importance of learning the skill correctly
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A patient who is hospitalized has just been diagnosed with diabetes. He is going to need to learn how to give himself injections. Which teaching method does the nurse use?
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Demonstration,Demonstration is used to help patients learn psychomotor skills.
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When a nurse is teaching a patient about how to administer an epinephrine injection in case of a severe allergic reaction, he or she tells the patient to hold the injection like a dart. Which of the following instructional methods did the nurse use?
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Analogy
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A nurse needs to teach a young woman newly diagnosed with asthma how to manage her disease. Which of the following topics does the nurse teach first?
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How to use an inhaler during an asthma attack, It is important to start with essential life-saving information when teaching people because they usually remember what you tell them first.
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A nurse is teaching a group of young college-age women the importance of using sunscreen when going out in the sun. What type of content is the nurse providing?
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Health promotion and illness prevention
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A nurse is planning a teaching session about healthy nutrition with a group of children who are in first grade. The nurse determines that after the teaching session the children will be able to name three examples of foods that are fruits. This is an example of:
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A learning objective.
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A nurse is teaching a 27-year-old gentleman how to adjust his insulin dosages based on his blood sugar results. What type of learning is this?
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Cognitive
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A patient newly diagnosed with diabetes needs to learn how to use a glucometer. Use of a glucometer constitutes
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Cognitive learning
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During a teaching session, the nurse tells a patient with a recent neck injury that damage to the nerves is comparable to a water hose that has been pinched off. During this teaching session, the nurse is using the process of
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Analogy
