question

Patronage

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-practice of giving jobs to loyal supporters

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Civil service

answer

-all federal jobs except elected positions in the army forces

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Muckrakers-

answer

journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s

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Progressives

answer

-reformers who wanted to improve American life in the late 1800s and early 1900s

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Graduated income tax

answer

-tax on earning that charges different rates for different income levels

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Primary-

answer

election in which voters choose their party's candidate for the general election

question

Trustbuster-

answer

person who wanted to end all trusts

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Conservation-

answer

protection of natural resources

question

National park

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-natural or historical area set aside and run by the federal government for people to visit

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Suffragist-

answer

person who campaigned for women's rights

question

16th Amendment-

answer

gave congress the power to impose and income tax

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17th Amendment-

answer

direct election of senators

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18th Amendment-

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made illegal to sell alcoholic drinks anywhere in the US

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19th Amendment-

answer

granted women the right to vote

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Merit

answer

ability

question

Civil service-

answer

all federal jobs except elected office and those in the military

question

Political boss-

answer

powerful politician who controls work done locally and demands payoffs from business

question

Muckraker

answer

-journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s

question

Primary

answer

- gave voters the opportunity to choose their party's candidates

question

Initiative-

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gave voters a way to put a bill directly before a state legislature

question

Referendum-

answer

gave voters the chance to put a bill on the ballot and vote it into law

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Recall-

answer

let voters remove an elected official from office

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Trustbusters-

answer

a person who wanted to destroy all trusts

question

Conservation

answer

protection of natural resources

question

National Parks-

answer

area set aside by the federal government for people to visit

question

Suffragist-

answer

people working for women's rights to vote

question

Gilded Age

answer

-from 1870s to 1890s, reformers tried to clean up political corruption

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Chester A. Arthur-

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forbade trusts and other businesses from limiting competition

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Civil Service Commission-

answer

conduct exams for government jobs

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Interstate Commerce Commission

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Banned or forbade certain practices, such as, rebates and pools

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Sherman Antitrust Act-

answer

law that banned or prevented the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States

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William Tweed-

answer

Corrupt New York City boss

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Progressive-

answer

Reformers who wanted to improve American like

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Theodore Roosevelt

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-Progressive President known as the "Trustbuster"

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Square Deal-

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Roosevelt's campaign promise that all Americans would have the same opportunity to succeed

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Pure Food and Drug Act-

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Requires food and drug makers to list ingredients on package

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William Howard Taft

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-Progressive President who favored the graduated income tax; made an eight-hour workday for government workers

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Bull Moose Party-

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Progressive Republican party that supported Roosevelt in the 1912 election

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Pendleton Act

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created the Civil Service commission to make sure that only qualified people got federal jobs

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Woodrow Wilson

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-Progressive President who helped create the FTC; signed the Clayton Antitrust Act

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Federal Reserve Act-

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set up a system of federal banks

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Federal Trade Commission -

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Investigates companies and prevents them from using unfair practices to destroy competitors

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National Woman Suffrage Association

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-worked for a constitutional amendment allowing women to vote

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Carrie Chapman Catt-

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leader of the National Woman Suffrage Association

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Alice Paul-

answer

suffragist who was jailed for picketing the White House

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Nineteenth Amendment-

answer

guaranteed women the right to vote

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Carrie Nation-

answer

radical temperance crusader to dedicate to life to fighting "demon rum"

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Eighteenth Amendment

answer

-made it illegal to sell alcoholic drinks in the United States

question

What two political concerns shaped politics during the Gilded Age?

answer

The spoil system and the lack of regulation of big business

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What reforms were made to end the spoils system?

answer

President Hayes investigated the New York customhouse. The Pendleton Act set up the Civil Service Commission to conduct exams for federal jobs.

question

Describe two new laws that tried to limit the power of big business?

answer

The Interstate Commerce Act forbade certain practices, such as, rebates and pools. Sherman Antitrust Act made it illegal for companies to restrict competition.

question

How did political bosses corrupt city governments?

answer

They sometimes took payoffs from businesses and stole public funds and they often used their power to influence officeholders.

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How did the muckrakers help change public opinion?

answer

Muckrakers used their journalistic skills to expose social ills; by doing so, they shocked middle-class Americans, who responded by demanding change.

question

Explain three major goals of Progressive reformers.

answer

Limit the power of big business End political corruption Solve social ills Give voters more power

question

Describe two Progressive reforms that increased the political power of voters.

answer

The primary gave voters the opportunity to choose their party's candidates. The initiative gave voters a way to put a bill directly before a state legislature. The referendum gave voters the chance to put a bill on the ballot and vote it into law. The recall let voters remove an elected official from office.

question

Describe three accomplishments of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal.

answer

Did away with some bad trusts Worked to regulate railroads Supported laws strengthening inspection procedures for food Put limits on lumbering

question

Why did opposition to Taft grow among reformers?

answer

Taft raised tariffs, which angered Progressives. He was accused of blocking conservation efforts

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Why did the Republican Party split in the 1912 election?

answer

Taft lost the support of the Progressives over tariff and conservation issues. Roosevelt and the Progressives split off from Taft and the mainstream Republican Party.

question

Name two accomplishments of Woodrow Wilson as President.

answer

Setting up the FTC Lowering the tariffs Regulating banking Encouraging competition

question

Describe three highlights in the campaign to win women's suffrage through the constitutional amendment.

answer

Women first organized a movement as early as 1848 They formed a group to amend the Constitution They called on the Presidents to support their movement; They picketed the White House Congress passed the 19th Amendment, which was ratified in 1920

question

What new opportunities in jobs and education did women win during this period?

answer

Women managed to attain higher education and earn degrees, but it was a struggle to be able to practice law or medicine.

question

Why were women active in the crusade against alcohol?

answer

They saw how alcohol created hardships in the home and destroyed families. They also opposed saloons, centers of political deal-making from which they usually were banned.

question

What reasons the Progressives turned against President William Howard Taft?

answer

He fired a Forest Service official in a dispute over the sale of wilderness lands and he raised tariffs on imported goods.

question

Reformers in the Gilded Age criticized the spoil system because it

answer

spread corruption.

question

What was one effect of corruption on city government?

answer

Bribery became a common way of doing business.

question

What were concerns that shaped politics during the Gilded Age?

answer

bribery, patronage, and voter fraud.

question

Who would have been helped by the creation of the Civil Service Commission?

answer

qualified applicants for government jobs.

question

Why was the name muckrakers given to some members of the press during the Progressive Era?

answer

because they worked to change public opinion.

question

How did women win the right to vote?

answer

Fifty years of effort by suffragist secured approval of the Nineteenth Amendment.

Chapter 22 Progressive Era – Flashcards

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