Chapter 22.2 The Enlightenment in Europe – Flashcards
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Enlightenment
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intellectual movement based on reason and thought -individuals to solve problems. Also known as the Age of Reason
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social contract
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agreement between the government and the people - would give their rights to a powerful and strong ruler
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John Locke
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philosopher with a more positive view of human nature, believed people had natural rights that the government should protect
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Voltaire
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Francois Marie Arouet, thought of as the smartest and most influential philosopher
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Baron de Montesquieu
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French writer that believed in the separation of powers
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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philosopher committed to individual freedom
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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strong advocate for education in women
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What two men's ideas started the Enlightenment period?
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
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What four things did Voltaire fight/defend?
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tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.
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Who became an enemy because of things he said?
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Voltaire
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Who said, "I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it."
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Voltaire
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Who studied about political liberty?
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Baron de Montesquieu
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Who had legislative power?
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Parliament
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Why was Parliament important?
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made laws and had judicial power
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What is it when there is a division of pwer?
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separation of powers
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What did Montesquieu say was the key to keeping the government from gaining total control?
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checks and balances
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What became the basis for the United States Constitution?
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separation of powers and checks and balances
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Who was the philosopher committed to individual freedom?
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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Who thought that civilization corrupted people's natural goodness?
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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What did Rousseau's ideas inspire?
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United States Constitution
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Who was a strong advocated for education of women?
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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Who was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft?
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Mary Shelley
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What was Mary Wollstonecraft's daughter famous for?
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She is the author of the book, Frankenstein
