Chapter 21 Packet Review – Flashcards
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Melaka
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The principal clearing house of trade in the Indian Ocean.
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Strait of Melaka
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A safe market that welcomed all merchants.
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Marco Polo
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The best unknown long distance traveler of the Mongol times.
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Pic 449: What is Marco Polo doing in this scene?
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Picking pepper with local workers in southern India.
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Fez
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Greece
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Polo
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Cairo
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Mecca
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Persian Golf
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Both
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Kilwa
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Malabar Coast
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Both
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Straits of Malaka
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Both
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Khanbaliq
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Polo
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Venice
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Polo
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Mali
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Black Sea
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Both
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Baghdad
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Both
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Russia
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Jerusalem
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Delhi
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Battuta
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Hangzhou
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Polo
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Map 450: Mark which traveler, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta or both, passed through the location given: Constantinople
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Battuta
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Pope Innocent IV
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Dispatched a series of envoys in order to attract converts to Christianity.
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Rabban Sauma
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A Nestorian Christian priest born in the Mongol capital of Khanbaliq.
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Ibn Battuta
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Muslim traveler who had leader credentials.
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Primary source 443: Answer the reflection question using evidence from the passage:
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"The men were very humble, there was an avoidance of injustice and there were sultans, they had mosques for service where they recognized the holy Qur'an."
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John of Montecorvino
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An Italian Franciscan who went to China in 1291.
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Pic 454: What year did Caterina Vilioni... die in the same city Marco Polo was governor of? About how long was that after Polo was there?
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1342, it was about 50 years after Polo was there.
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Sugarcane diffusion
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Muslim merchants and other travelers had begun large-scale cultivation of sugarcane in southeast Asia and north Africa.
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Gunpowder
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By the mid- 13th century, gunpowder had reached Europe by way of Mongol ruled Russia/Europeans began to experiment.
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Primary source 455: Answer all parts of the reflection question using evidence from the passage:
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"Montecorvino had great respect for the Khan and his subjects even though he may not have agreed with their idolatry. This sounds very hopeful since he describes his great efforts to spread Christianity."
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Pic 456: The tent is most likely:
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b. the Muslim's tent
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Little Ice Age
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Period beginning in about 1300 C.E. when global temperatures declined for about 500 years.
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Bubonic Plague
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- AKA "the Black Death" - Resulted in labor shortages and was spread through long distance trade.
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Pic 458: What is going on in this picture?
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Death is taking another victim as a result of the Bubonic Plague.
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Europeans called it the Black Death because
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One of the symptoms was black swelling.
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Trace the spread of the Plague from China to Europe, step by step along the way:
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China to Black Seaports of Caffa and Tana to Mediterranean Basin to western Europe.
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The Bubonic Plague is totally eradicated from the face of the earth forever
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F
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Ming dynasty
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Chinese dynasty (1368- 1644) founded by Hongwu and known for its cultural brilliance.
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Hongwu
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Founder of the Ming dynasty.
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Mandarins
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A special class powerful officials sent by the central government to ensure local officials implemented imperial policy.
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Eunuchs
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Ming emperors turned to eunuchs for government service.
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Pic 459: ... Do you have any of this at home? If so, do you know your address?
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- N - N/A
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Yongle Encyclopedia
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A vast encyclopedia that compiled all significant works of Chinese history, philosophy, and literature.
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Hundred Years' War
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The kings of England and France fought constantly over land claimed by both which resulted in the Hundred Years' War.
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Pic 457... Why would this dynastic dispute... have the side effect of raising people's awareness that they are part of a separate notion than the rest of humanity?
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People took sides.
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What weapons were used in these medieval sieges?
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- Gunpowder bombs - Cannons
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Louis IX
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- Maintained a permanent army of 15 thousand troops - Reigned from 1461- 1483
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Annual tax
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Primary source of royal income and supported a powerful standing army.
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State-funded army
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Each state in a country funds an army in case of invasion.
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Fernando of Aragon
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His marriage to Isabel of Castile (in 1469) united the two wealthiest and most important Iberian realms.
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Isabel of Castile
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Married Fernando of Aragon in 1469 and together they conquered the kingdom of Granada.
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Conquest of Granada
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Acquired under Castile and Aragon.
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Moscow
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Capital of Russia.
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Volga River
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Town which Russian princes considered theirs in the mid 14th century.
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Ivan III
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Declared Russia independent from Mongol rule after refusing to pay tribute to them.
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Novgorod
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A prosperous trading city.
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Tsar/Czar
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- From Latin for Caesar - Russian title for a monarch
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Renaissance
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- "Rebirth" - Round of artistic and intellectual creativity
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Pic 462: ... What examples do you see in this painting by Masaccio of three-dimensionality?
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The building to the right
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Pic 462: ... What painter's technique(s) achieved this?
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Linear perspective
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Masaccio
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An Italian painter that used the technique of linear perspective.
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Leonardo da Vinci
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An Italian painter that used the technique of linear perspective.
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Donatello
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A sculptor known for his lifelike sculptures.
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Michelangelo
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A sculptor known for his lifelike sculptures.
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Pic 464: ... which could have actually been in Roman Egypt at the time?
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a. Turks
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Brunelleschi
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Florentine architect that reinvented equipment and designs for a large dome.
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Pic 464: Brunelleschi's dome is on the cathedral of ________ in Italy.
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Florence
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Humanism
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- Humanists were scholars interested in the humanities - Humanists reconsidered medieval ethical teachings
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How was Renaissance humanism different than modern secular humanism?
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Renaissance humanists were deeply committed to Christianity.
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What was the 'best life' according to the humanists, and how was it different than what most medieval theologians say it was?
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Humanists argued that it was perfectly honorable for Christians to enter into marriage, business relationships, and public affairs. While medieval theologians thought that the most honorable calling was that of monks and nuns.
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Pic 466: ... These maps show dragons and other creatures, as well as people:
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F
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Pic 466: ... can you find a clue that it cannot be the map the book claims it is>
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No
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Zheng He
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A Muslim from Yunnan in southwestern China who rose through the ranks of eunuch administrators to become a trusted adviser of Yongle.
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"Treasure ships"
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Nine-masted ships with four decks capable of accommodate 500 or more passengers and huge stores of cargo
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Portugal
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Portuguese mariners emerged as the early leaders in both Atlantic exploration and the search for a sea route to Asian markets through the Indian Ocean.
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Henry the Navigator
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Embarked on an ambitious campaign to spread Christianity and increase Portuguese influence on the seas.
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Map 468: Leaving Guangzhou, Zheng He entered this sea:
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South China Sea
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Which did Zheng He's fleet visit?
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- Philippines - Mecca - Sumatra - Straits of Melaka
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Ceuta
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Guarded the Strait of Gibraltar.
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Straits of Gibraltar
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Was guarded by Ceuta from the south.
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Azores
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Discovered by Portuguese mariners.
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Canary Islands
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Inhabited by indigenous peoples.
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Cape Verde Islands
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Later discovered by the Portuguese.
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(Atlantic) slave trade
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The Portuguese increased its volume.
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Bartolomeu Dias
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Sailed around the cape of Good Hope.
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Cape of Good Hope
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Sailed/explored by Bartolomeu Dias.
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Vasco Da Gama
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Departed Portugal with the intention of sailing to India.
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Calicut
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Vasco Da Gama arrived here in 1498.
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Christopher Columbus
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Conceived the idea of sailing west to reach Asian markets.
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San Salvador, Bahamas
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Watling island (Christopher Columbus arrived here)
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Pic 470: ... Which continents are distorted and why?
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North and South America because they were unknown to geographers of the eastern hemisphere.
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Map 468: This explorer hugged the African coastline:
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Da Gama
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Map 468: This explorer discovered the Cape Verde Islands
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Da Gama
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Map 468: This explorer named the islands of Hispaniola
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Columbus
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Chapter 21 Summary - MC questions
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1) D 2) A 3) B 4) D 5) B 6) B
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Chapter 21 Summary - Question 7
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In Europe, the plague affected people of all social classes. This led to decreased population and thus labor shortages. Also, Christianity lost its appeal and power which eventually paved the way for the Renaissance. In Asia and Africa, the plague had disastrous consequences. It wiped out hundreds of tribes in Africa and led to the fall of the Mongol empire in China.
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Chapter 21 summary - Question 8
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The increase in technology allowed for improved long distance trade than before since the journey could be conducted more safely and it would be shorter time. During classical civilization, long distance trade did not really occur since it was not safe and the technology was not available to make such a journey.
