Chapter 21- Adulthood: Cognitive Development – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
_________ intelligence is particularly valuable in high school and college. A) Practical B) Productive C) Analytic D) Creative
answer
C) Analytic
question
Short-term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are qualities associated with ________ intelligence. A) experiential B) practical C) fluid D) crystallized
answer
C) fluid
question
Margaret has started slowing down in her ability to type, but she is an excellent researcher. She focuses on her area of skill so that she can maintain her job with her law firm. This is called selective optimization with: A) termination. B) dissociation. C) life skills. D) compensation.
answer
D) compensation
question
Gerry likes to play Trivial Pursuit and read the newspaper. He could be said to be high in: A) fluid intelligence. B) crystallized intelligence. C) general intelligence. D) postformal intelligence.
answer
B) crystallized intelligence
question
Marissa works as a maid at a prestigious hotel in Las Vegas, NV. She's noticed that, given her several years on the job, she doesn't really have to think about her work anymore. It seems as though her behaviors on the job result without much thought or planning. A) intuitive B) strategic C) flexible D) automatic
answer
D) automatic
question
General intelligence (g)
answer
The idea of g assumes that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. According to this concept, people have varying levels of this general ability
question
Seattle Longitudinal Study
answer
The first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence. This study began in 1956 and is repeated every 7 years
question
Fluid intelligence
answer
Those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough. Abilities such as short-term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are all usually considered part of fluid intelligence
question
Crystallized intelligence
answer
Those types of intelleectual ability that reflect accumulated learning. Vocabulary and general information are examples. Some developmental psychologists think crystallized intelligence increases with age, while fluid intelligence declines
question
Analytic intelligence
answer
A form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, and information processing, as well as verbal and logical skills
question
Creative intelligence
answer
A form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative
question
Practical intelligence
answer
The intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving
question
Cognitive artifacts
answer
Intellectual tools passed down from generation to generation which may assist in learning within societies
question
Stressor
answer
Any situation, event, experience, or other stimulus that caused a person to feel stressed. Many circumstances that seem to be stresses become stressors for some people but not for others
question
Avoidant coping
answer
A method of responding to a stressor by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it
question
Problem-focused coping
answer
A strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly
question
Emotion-focused coping
answer
A strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself
question
Weathering
answer
The gradual accumulation of stressors over a long period of time, wearing down a person's resilience and resistance
question
Religious coping
answer
The process of turing to faith as a method of coping with stress
question
Selective optimization with compensation
answer
The theory, developed by Paul and Margaret Baltes, that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking or the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already to well
question
Expertise
answer
Specialized skills and knowledge of developed around a particular activity or area of specific interest
question
Automatic processing
answer
Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought. Experts process most tasks automatically, saving conscious thought for unfamiliar changes
