question

A "nonself" substance that can provoke an immune response is called a(n)

answer

Antigen

question

Active artificially acquired immunity is a result of

answer

Vaccination

question

Complement proteins work by

answer

Forming pores in the membranes of target cells

question

Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells

answer

Through insertion of perforins into the target's membrane

question

Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are

answer

T lymphocytes

question

Saliva and lacrimal fluids contain this enzyme that destroys bacteria

answer

Lysozyme

question

The immune cell is able to respond quickly after any subsequent encounter with the same antigen

answer

Memory cell

question

These molecules are secreted by leukocytes and macrophages and result in a fever

answer

Pyrogens

question

This type of disease results from the inability of the immune system to distinguish self-from nonself-antigens

answer

Autoimmune disease

question

When a localized area exhibits increased capillary filtration, hypermia, and swelling it is an indication that

answer

Inflammation is occuring

question

Which cell does NOT have a direct role in phagocytosis?

answer

NK cells

question

Which cells stimulate both arms of the immune response?

answer

Helper T cells

question

Which nonspecific defense cells specialize in attacking cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

answer

Natural killer cells

question

Which of the following is a nonspecific barrier defense?

answer

Mucous membranes

question

Which statement below is characteristic of a secondary humoral response?

answer

It occurs much more than a primary response.

question

Which type of molecule is produced by virus infected cells to communicate to noninfected cells the presence of a virus?

answer

Interferon

question

Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier to pathogen influx?

answer

Complement cascade

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?

answer

Opsonization

question

The process that begins when a helper T cell binds to a class II MHC protein on a displaying cell is known as

answer

Costimulation

question

All of the following are examples of autoimmune disorders, EXCEPT

answer

Sickle-cell anemia

question

Which of the following is NOT an innate defense mechanism of the body?

answer

B lymphocytes

question

Which of the following steps is the first step in an inflammatory response?

answer

Release of leukocytosis-inducing factor

question

In the respiratory burst, ____ are released, which have a potent cell-killing ability

answer

Free radicals

question

Leukotrienes cause

answer

Dilation of the small blood vessels in an injured area

question

Toll-like receptors are found on

answer

Macrophages

question

Interferons can be used to treat all of the following, EXCEPT

answer

Muscular dystrophy

question

All of the following are functions of interferons, EXCEPT that_____

answer

They only occur naturally

question

Which of the following minerals needed fro bacterial reproduction do both the liver and spleen sequester during a fever?

answer

Zinc

question

Which hypersensitivity is caused by T lymphocytes:

answer

Delayed

question

Without _______ there is no adaptive immune response

answer

T lymphocytes

question

Left subclavian vein

answer

Into which blood vessel will lymph flow if it starts at the red arrow?

question

cytotoxic T

answer

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.

question

Tonsils

answer

________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

question

Plasma

answer

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.

question

Bone Marrow

answer

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

question

NK cells recognize abnormal or cancer cells by a specific antigen on their cell membrane.

answer

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Natural Killer (NK) cells? -NK cells recognize abnormal or cancer cells by a specific antigen on their cell membrane. - NK cells attack transplanted organs. -NK cells induce the target cell to undergo "apoptosis" (cell suicide). -NK cells attack infected or cancerous cells.

question

interferons

answer

What innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?

question

The phagocytes recognize molecules on pathogens not normally found on body cells.

answer

How do phagocytes recognize foreign cells or bacteria?

question

complement proteins

answer

Which of the innate defense mechanisms can lyse bacteria and mark cells for phagocytosis?

question

antibodies and complement proteins

answer

What can act as opsonins on bacteria, thus enhancing phagocytosis?

question

NK

answer

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

question

passive immunization

answer

In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of?

question

antigen-presenting cells

answer

Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?

question

class II MHC proteins

answer

Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?

question

CD8

answer

Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?

question

all nucleated cells

answer

What types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?

question

CD8

answer

Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?

question

cytotoxic T lymphocytes

answer

Which defense cells can specifically identify and directly kill disease cells?

question

cytotoxic T

answer

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.

question

IgE

answer

Which class of immunoglobulins sensitizes cells to allergens?

question

innate external defenses

answer

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?

question

innate internal defenses

answer

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system?

question

plasma B cells

answer

What cells make antibodies?

question

antigenic determinant

answer

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?

question

humoral immunity

answer

What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient?

question

cellular immunity

answer

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?

question

Cytotoxic T cells

answer

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?

question

Helper T Cells

answer

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

question

bone marrow and thymus

answer

Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs?

question

white pulp of the spleen

answer

Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?

question

deep in the cortex

answer

Where in the lymph node do the T cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?

question

germinal centers of the cortex

answer

Where in the lymph node do the B cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?

question

Peyer's patches

answer

Collections of lymphoid tissues, called MALT, are strategically placed throughout the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems. Which one of these is located at the end of the small intestine?

question

thymus

answer

There is a decrease in our ability to fight infection as we age. Which lymphoid organ may have a role in this decline?

question

lymphocytes

answer

The lymphoid tissue of the spleen ("white pulp") contains many __________.

question

right arm

answer

Which of these organs does not drain its lymph into the thoracic duct? -left leg - right leg - left arm - right arm

question

B

answer

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.

question

cytotoxic T

answer

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

question

naturally acquired active

answer

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

question

IgG

answer

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

question

False

answer

( T or F ) Lymph is important in transporting carbohydrates.

question

False

answer

( T or F ) The right lymphatic drains 3/4 of the body.

question

submandibular, cervical, axillary, inguinal

answer

List places large clusters of lymph nodes are found

question

lymphocytes

answer

The white pulp of the spleen is important because it contains?

question

Because it provides a physical and chemical barrier to pathogens

answer

Why is the skin called the "first line of defense"?

question

kupffer cells

answer

Which of the following is a type of fixed macrophage? a. kupffer cells b. leukocytes c. T cells d. monocytes

question

helper T cells

answer

Which T cell is responsible for stimulating B cells?

question

plasma cell

answer

Which of the following cells makes and releases antibodies?

question

Creating your own antibodies either by actually getting the illness or through a vaccine

answer

Define active immunity

question

afferent lymphatic vessels

answer

Lymph vessels that conduct lymph into a lymph node are termed

question

maintain extracellular fluid balance, collect excess fluid from the interstitial space, defend the body against foreign cells and molecules

answer

The lymphatic system functions to?

question

False

answer

( T or F ) Lymphatic capillaries are less permeable than systemic capillaries.

question

intestinal, jugular, bronchomediastinal, lumbar, subclavian

answer

List lymphatic trunks

question

produce RBC in fetus, break down old RBCs and store Fe , store platelets, surveillance of the immune system

answer

List functions of the spleen

question

lymphatic are more permeable, lymphatic only move lymph toward the heart, detours through lymph glands

answer

List the differences between lymphatic capillaries and systemic capillaries

question

False

answer

(T or F) Bacteria only live inside other cells

question

False

answer

(T or F) A lymph node contains fewer afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent.

question

Complement

answer

Which of the following are proteins which result in the formation of MAC?

question

False

answer

T or F: The production of antibodies against an antigen is an example of nonspecific immunity.

question

interferon

answer

What are antiviral proteins that also stimulate NK cells and macrophages?

question

False

answer

T/F: Immunity from getting a vaccine is an example of active naturally acquired immunity.

question

True

answer

T/F: Viruses only live inside other cells.

question

True

answer

T/F: Immunity to an infant via breast milk is an example of passive naturally acquired immunity.

question

return of tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system

answer

A major function of the lymphatic system is __________.

question

Peyer's patches

answer

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum of the small intestine are __________.

question

the thymus

answer

Collections of lymphoid tissue (MALT) that guard mucosal surfaces include all the following, EXCEPT __________.

question

spleen

answer

In addition to its lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets.

question

reticular connective tissue

answer

The lymphoid tissue's structural framework of is composed of __________.

question

appendix

answer

This structure, attached to the cecum, is in an ideal location to destroy bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall.

question

lymphatic capillary

answer

What lymphatic structure absorbs excess tissue fluid?

question

lacteal

answer

What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine?

question

palatine tonsils

answer

What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral cavity?

question

lymphocytes

answer

Which of the following are located in the spleen's white pulp?

question

capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts

answer

Which sequence best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system?

question

It maintains blood volume and, hence, pressure.

answer

Which statement below describes the lymphatic system's role in relation to the cardiovascular system?

question

It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.

answer

Which statement is true of the thoracic duct?

question

They have fewer efferent vessels than afferent vessels.

answer

Which statement is true about lymph nodes?

question

a one-way system of vessels beginning with blind-ended lymphatic capillaries

answer

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lymphatic vessels?

question

thymus

answer

Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that "trains" T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent?

question

lymph nodes

answer

Which of the following are the principal lymphoid organs in the body?

question

the tonsils

answer

The lymphoid organ(s) located in the throat that defend(s) against invading bacteria coming in through the mouth and nose is (are) __________.

question

It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.

answer

Which of the following statements about the spleen is FALSE?

question

lymphatics

answer

Which of the following vessels transport fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood?

question

CSF

answer

Excess tissue fluid in the brain drains into the __________.

question

red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch

answer

Lymphangitis presents itself as __________.

question

transport of chyle

answer

Which of the following features is NOT common to both lymphatic collecting ducts and veins?

question

germinal centers

answer

When B lymphocytes are dividing rapidly, the __________ of the lymphoid tissue enlarge(s).

question

in the medullary cords

answer

Where are plasma cells found in a lymph node?

question

lymph sinuses

answer

Large lymph capillaries in a lymph node spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers are known as __________.

question

monocytes

answer

Which of the following cells would NOT be found in a germinal center in a lymph node?

question

spleen

answer

Which lymphatic structure may also be a site of erythrocyte production in the fetus?

question

white pulp

answer

Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as __________.

question

that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer

answer

A sentinel node is the first lymph node __________.

question

False

answer

Blood plasma and lymph are identical except for their respective locations in the body.

question

lymphatic capillaries

answer

What part of the lymphatic system is most closely associated with capillary beds?

question

Lymphatic collecting vessels have endothelial flap valves, but veins do not.

answer

How are lymphatic collecting vessels different from veins?

question

subclavian veins

answer

All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the __________.

question

delivery of nutrients to tissues

answer

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphatic vessels?

question

produces antibodies

answer

phagocytic cell

question

phagocytic cell

answer

fibroblast-like cell that produces the reticular fiber stroma

question

captures antigens and brings them back to lymph nodes

answer

produces antibodies

question

fibroblast-like cell that produces the reticular fiber stroma

answer

captures antigens and brings them back to lymph nodes

question

False

answer

Reticular connective tissue is found in all lymphoid organs and tissues.

question

Lymph nodes produce lymph.

answer

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lymph nodes?

question

afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, medullary sinuses, efferent vessel

answer

Which of the following lists the correct order of lymph flow through the lymph node?

question

serve as a site of T cell maturation

answer

Which of the following is NOT a role of the spleen?

question

After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size.

answer

Choose the true statement about the thymus.

question

gather and remove pathogens entering through the pharynx

answer

The main role of the tonsils is to __________.

question

the spleen

answer

Which of the following is NOT a part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)?

question

tonsils

answer

Except for the __________ and the spleen, the lymphoid organs are poorly developed at birth.

question

lymphatic capillary

answer

collects excess tissue fluids

question

right lymphatic duct

answer

drains right head and neck region

question

thoracic duct

answer

larger of the two lymphatic ducts receiving lymph from all but the right head and neck region

question

lymphatic trunk

answer

drains lymph from specific body areas

question

lymph node

answer

houses lymphatic cells and filters lymph

question

lymph noes

answer

large collections of bean-shaped structures in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions

question

appendix

answer

a tubular offshoot from the cecum

question

spleen

answer

a filter and reservoir for the blood

question

thymus

answer

causes T cells to become immunocompetent

question

tonsils

answer

invite infection to promote immunity

question

lymphatic collecting vessels

answer

same three tunics as veins; the second-smallest lymph vessels

question

lymphoid tissue

answer

a type of loose connective tissue called reticular connective tissue; dominates all lymphoid organs except thymus

question

lymphatic trunks

answer

same three tunics as veins; the largest of lymph vessels

question

lymphatic capillaries

answer

begin as blind-ended tubes that weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries in loose connective tissues; the smallest vessels

question

lymph node

answer

bean-shaped structure surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule with fibrous strands that divide it into compartments

question

lymphatic capillaries

answer

collects fluid that leaks from blood capillaries into tissue fluid

question

lymph nodes

answer

distinct bean-shaped structures that "filter" lymph fluid as it is moved toward the circulatory system

question

lymphatic ducts

answer

largest vessels; carry lymph fluid to subclavian veins

question

lymphatic collecting vessels

answer

collect lymph fluid draining from lymphatic capillaries

question

lymphoid tissue

answer

provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes and furnishes surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

question

hilus

answer

the indented region on the concave side of the node leading into the efferent vessels

question

subcapsular sinus

answer

a large, baglike structure leading into a number of small sinuses

question

afferent lymphatic vessels

answer

vessels leading into lymph node

question

efferent lymphatic vessels

answer

vessels leaving the lymph node

question

tonsils

answer

lymphoid organs; found around the entrance to the pharynx

question

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

answer

small lymphoid tissues found in digestive and respiratory tracts

question

spleen

answer

soft, blood-rich organ about the size of a fist (largest lymphoid organ)

question

Peyer's patches

answer

isolated clusters of lymph follicles located mostly in the wall of the appendix

question

thymus gland

answer

located in the inferior neck and extends into the superior thorax

question

t cell

answer

deep cortex

question

b cell

answer

within germinal center

question

plasma cells

answer

medullary cords

question

macrophages

answer

lymph sinus

question

dendritic cells

answer

surrounding the germinal center

question

Peyer's patches

answer

destroy bacteria in appendix; generate "memory" lymphocytes for long-term memory in intestine

question

thymus

answer

important in early years of life by training T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent

question

tonsils

answer

guard the throat by "inviting" bacteria into the lymphatic system and then destroying them

question

MALT

answer

protects the digestive and respiratory tracts from never-ending onslaughts of foreign matter entering mucosa-lined cavities

question

spleen

answer

provides a large, blood-filled site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; cleanses the blood

question

interstitial fluid

answer

What is the composition of lymph most similar to?

question

Capillary beds

answer

Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with:

question

Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels

answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels?

question

Venous circulation

answer

Once collected, lymph is returned to:

question

return tissue fluid to the bloodstream

answer

Lymphatic vessels:

question

Plasma cells

answer

Antibodies are produced by _______.

question

Thymus

answer

Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs does not contain reticular connective tissue?

question

They filter lymph

answer

Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?

question

Bone marrow

answer

Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue/organ?

question

Palantine tonsils

answer

The ________ is (are) the most likely to become infected.

question

along the small intestine

answer

Peyer's patches are located:

question

thymus

answer

The first lymphoid organ to appear in development is (are) the:

question

False

answer

Lymph arrives to the lymph nodes via efferent lymphatic vessels.

question

True

answer

The thymus functions strictly in maturation of T cells.

question

blood vessels

answer

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

question

increase permeability

answer

What is the role of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries?

question

lymphocytes

answer

Which of the following are considered the primary immune system cells?

question

lymph nodes

answer

What is/are the principal lymphoid organ(s) in the body?

question

Spleen

answer

Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions?

question

thymus gland

answer

Which lymphoid organ serves as the site where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent T cells?

question

Tonsils

answer

Which of the following is/are the simplest lymphoid organ(s)?

question

lymph nodes

answer

Which of the following is NOT a part of the MALT?

question

distal portion of the small intestine

answer

Where are Peyer's patches located?

question

eosinophil

answer

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid cell?

question

intact skin and mucous membranes

answer

What constitutes the body's first line of defense against disease?

question

T cells

answer

Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific internal defense against disease?

question

inflammation

answer

Which defense mechanism results in redness, heat, pain, and swelling?

question

to develop antibodies against various diseases

answer

Why are children given vaccinations?

question

interferon

answer

Which antimicrobial protein is produced by a virus-infected cell?

question

It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material

answer

Which of the following does NOT describe the adaptive immune response?

question

antigens

answer

What mobilizes the adaptive defenses and provokes an immune response?

question

dendritic cells

answer

Which cells engulf antigens and present fragments of them on their own surfaces where they can be recognized by cells that will deal with them?

question

helper T cell

answer

Which cell of the immune system is absolutely required for an adaptive immune response?

question

processed fragments of protein antigens displayed on surfaces of body cells

answer

What types of antigen are recognized by T cells?

question

T cells

answer

Which of the following is/are not a part of the innate immune defenses?

question

antibodies

answer

Proinflammatory signals include all of the following except:

question

Chemotaxis

answer

____________ is the final step of phagocyte mobilization.

question

IFNs help the body combat viral infections

answer

Which of the following is a role of interferons (IFNs)?

question

Opsonization

answer

Which of the following is an effect of complement activation?

question

fever

answer

Pyrogens induce __________.

question

T cells

answer

Cellular immunity is attributed to the action of:

question

Thymus

answer

T cells achieve self-tolerance in the _______.

question

Natural killer cells

answer

Which of the following does not serve as an antigen-presenting cell?

question

A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells.

answer

Choose the true statement regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response.

question

Natural passive

answer

___________ immunity protects a baby who is fed breast milk.

question

IgG

answer

________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in plasma.

question

T cytoxic cells

answer

________ are lymphocytes that directly kill virus infected cells.

question

T helper cells

answer

Antigens bound to MHC II activate:

question

The T cell enters a state of anergy.

answer

What occurs if a T cell binds to an antigen and the T cell does not receive a co-stimulatory signal?

question

T helper cells

answer

_______ are lymphocytes that coordinate cellular and humoral immune responses.

question

Immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis

answer

Which is mismatched?

question

False

answer

Fever is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.

question

True

answer

MHC I proteins (major histocompatibility class I proteins) are found on most cells of the body.

question

naturally actively acquired humoral immunity

answer

antibodies passed from mother to fetus via placenta, or to infant in her milk

question

artificially actively acquired humoral immunity

answer

vaccine; dead or attenuated pathogens

question

naturally passively acquired humoral immunity

answer

infection; contact with pathogen

question

artificially passively acquired humoral immunity

answer

injection of immune serum (gamma globulin)

question

1. Antigen invades body. 2. Plasma cells produce large amounts of class IgE antibodies against allergen. 3. IgE antibodies attach to mast cells in body tissues. 4. More of same antigen invades body. 5. Antigen combines with IgE attached to mast cells (and basophils), triggering degranulation and the release of histamine. 6. Histamine causes blood cells to dilate and become leaky.

answer

The stages of the allergic response.

question

mast cells

answer

invoke inflammation when IgE cross-links to them

question

helper T cells

answer

coordinate humoral and cellular immune responses

question

plasma cells

answer

produce immunoglobulins

question

macrophages

answer

a common APC

question

gamma globulin

answer

a class of plasma protein

question

opsonization

answer

this process encourages phagocytosis

question

acid mantle

answer

covers the skin and limits bacterial growth

question

leukocytosis

answer

characterized by high numbers of neutrophils

question

saliva and tears

answer

contains the antibacterial enzyme called lysozyme

question

skin

answer

first line of defense against invading organisms

question

stomach mucosa

answer

produces HCl and enzymes that kill bacteria

question

respiratory tract

answer

sticky mucous membrane lined with cilia

question

natural killer cells

answer

a small subgroup of lymphocytes that will attack cancerous cells

question

macrophages

answer

derived from circulating monocytes

question

neutrophils

answer

phagocytes; will migrate to the site of an infection within a few hours

question

hyperemia

answer

increased blood flow due to vasodilation of blood vessels entering the injured area

question

chemotaxis

answer

the process by which white blood cells are attracted to the site of an injury

question

exudate

answer

seeps from the capillaries and contains clotting factors and antibodies

question

edema

answer

caused by excess blood flow to the injured area; helps to dilute harmful substances and brings in excess oxygen

question

leukocytosis

answer

chemicals released from injured tissues stimulate rapid proliferation and release of cells

question

margination

answer

neutrophils attach to CAMs on the endothelial linings in the injured area

question

diapedesis

answer

neutrophils squeeze through walls of capillaries into the tissues

question

chemotaxis

answer

inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injured areas

question

helper T cells

answer

attack and lyse cells that are not "self"

question

plasma cells

answer

secrete antibodies

question

memory B cells

answer

bind to antigen-presenting cells to begin the process of co-stimulation

question

cytotoxic T cells

answer

capable of mounting a rapid attack against the same antigen in secondary immune responses

question

IgG

answer

most abundant antibody found in the plasma

question

IgA

answer

levels greatly elevated during severe allergic responses

question

IgM

answer

large antibody released by plasma cells in a primary response

question

IgE

answer

found in body secretions such as milk, saliva, and sweat

question

active natural

answer

immunity gained from being exposed to the pathogen and developing the illness

question

active artificial

answer

immunity gained through injections of dead or attenuated strains of the disease-causing agents

question

passive natural

answer

immunity gained from transport of antibodies across the placental membrane or through the mother's milk

question

passive artificial

answer

immunity gained from injections of clonal antibodies to fight off a current pathogen invasion

question

multiple sclerosis

answer

disease that destroys the myelin sheaths of the brain and spinal cord

question

Graves' disease

answer

thyroid gland becomes hyperactive

question

rheumatoid arthritis

answer

disease that destroys the linings of joints

question

myasthenia gravis

answer

disease that impairs communication between nerves and skeletal muscles

question

innate

answer

barrier and chemical defenses

question

adaptive

answer

defenses we gain through life experiences and exposure to antigens

question

pathogens

answer

harmful microorganisms

question

complement

answer

system of proteins that lyses cell membranes

question

immunoglobulins

answer

proteins that attach to antigen

Chapter 20 21 Lymphatic System and Immunity Pearson Marieb Anatomy and Physiology – Flashcards

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