Chapter 2 Chemistry (Openstax College)

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
actinide
answer
inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
question
alkali metal
answer
element in group 1
question
alkaline earth metal
answer
element in group 2
question
alpha particle (α particle)
answer
positively charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons anion negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)
question
atomic mass
answer
Average mass of an element, expressed in amu
question
atomic mass unit (amu) (also, unified atomic mass unit, u, or Dalton, Da)
answer
unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom
question
atomic number (Z)
answer
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
question
binary acid
answer
compound that contains hydrogen and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)
question
binary compound
answer
compound containing two different elements.
question
cation
answer
positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)
question
chalcogen
answer
element in group 16
question
chemical symbol
answer
one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation used to represent an element or its atoms
question
covalent bond
answer
attractive force between the nuclei of a molecule's atoms and pairs of electrons between the atoms
question
covalent compound (also, molecular compound)
answer
composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements
question
Dalton (Da)
answer
alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit
question
Dalton's atomic theory
answer
set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms
question
electron
answer
negatively charged, subatomic particle of relatively low mass located outside the nucleus
question
empirical formula
answer
formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
question
fundamental unit of charge (also called the elementary charge)
answer
equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 × 10−19 C
question
group
answer
vertical column of the periodic table
question
halogen
answer
element in group 17
question
inert gas
answer
(also, noble gas) element in group 18
question
inner transition metal
answer
(also, lanthanide or actinide) element in the bottom two rows; if in the first row, also called lanthanide, of if in the second row, also called actinide
question
ion
answer
electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)
question
ionic bond
answer
electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound
question
ionic compound
answer
compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance
question
isomers
answer
compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures
question
isotopes
answer
atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
question
lanthanide
answer
inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
question
law of constant composition (also, law of definite proportions)
answer
all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
question
law of definite proportions (also, law of constant composition):
answer
all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
question
law of multiple proportions:
answer
when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
question
main-group element (also, representative element):
answer
element in columns 1, 2, and 12-18
question
mass number (A):
answer
sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
question
metal:
answer
element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity
question
metalloid
answer
element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
question
molecular compound (also, covalent compound):
answer
composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements
question
molecular formula
answer
formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.
question
monatomic ion:
answer
ion composed of a single atom
question
neutron:
answer
uncharged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
question
noble gas (also, inert gas):
answer
element in group 18
question
nomenclature:
answer
system of rules for naming objects of interest
question
nonmetal:
answer
element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat and electricity
question
nucleus
answer
massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
question
oxyacid
answer
compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)
question
oxyanion
answer
polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms period (also, series) horizontal row of the period table
question
periodic law
answer
properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers.
question
periodic table
answer
table of the elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together pnictogen element in group 15
question
polyatomic ion
answer
ion composed of more than one atom
question
proton
answer
positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
question
representative element (also, main-group element)
answer
element in columns 1, 2, and 12-18
question
series (also, period)
answer
horizontal row of the period table
question
spatial isomers
answer
compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ
question
structural formula
answer
shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected
question
structural isomer
answer
one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently
question
transition metal
answer
element in columns 3-11
question
unified atomic mass unit (u)
answer
alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New