Chapter 2 Biochemistry Review – Flashcards
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Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen ratio of 1:2:1
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Carbohydrates
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Carbon and Hydrogen
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Lipids
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Sugars or monosaccharides
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Carbohydrates
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C, H, O, N
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Proteins
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H, O, C, N Phospheres
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Nucleic Acids
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1 glycerol 3 fatty acids
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Lipids
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Amino acids
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Proteins
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Fats, Oils, Waxes
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Lipids
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Glucose, fructose, glycogen
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Carbohydrates
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DNA, RNA
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Nucleic Acids
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Energy Structure
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Carbohydrates
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Store energy, cell membranes
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Lipids
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Transport in and out of cells
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Proteins
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Fight disease
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Proteins
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Control rate of reactions
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Proteins
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Form bone and muscle
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Proteins
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Genetic information
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Nucleic Acids
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Describes how many H+ there are in the solution
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pH
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The attraction between water molecules
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Cohesion
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The attraction between different kinds of molecules
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Adhesion
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Because the oxygen atom is so much larger than the hydrogen, the electrons are more attracted to oxygen nucleus
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Polarity
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Lower the activation energy needed and so speed up chemical reactions in the body
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Enzyme
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•It takes a lot of energy before water turns to gas •Water takes a lot of heat off your skin when you sweat
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High heat capacity
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•Some insects can float on water •The Jesus Christ lizard can run on water
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Surface tension
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Water is absorbed up the tubes in plants
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Capillary action
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•Water can dissolve many substances •Food and wastes can dissolve in your blood
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Universal solvent
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Bread
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Carbohydrates
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Rice
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Carbohydrates
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Eggs
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Lipids and proteins
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Meat
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Proteins
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Oil
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Lipids
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Sugar
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Carbohydrates
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6 most common elements in living things
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Hydrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen
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Small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
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Monomer
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Large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
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Polymer
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Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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Ionic bond
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Electrons are shared between atoms
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Covalent bond
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Store energy for a short time
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Carbohydrates
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Stores energy for a long time
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Lipids
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Stores genetic information
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Nucleic Acids
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Speeds up chemical reactions (is a catalyst)
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Proteins
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Fights disease
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Proteins
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Can support plant cells
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Carbohydrates
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Provides insulation
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Lipids
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Sugar
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Carbohydrates
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Hormones
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Lipids
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Enzymes
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Proteins
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Forms bone and muscle
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Proteins
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Monomers are amino acids
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Proteins
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Monomers are sugars
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Carbohydrates
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Monomers are glycerol and fatty acids
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Lipids
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When water molecules get cold, they slow down because the positive H's attract to the negative O's, they arrange themselves so that the H and O are facing, separating the molecules. Ice is less dense than water
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Why ice floats
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Because oxygen is so much bigger than the Hydrogen, Oxygen attracts the electrons more strongly, so it is partially negative and the hydrogenated are partially positive. Positive and negative attract
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Why water is polar
