Chapter 19 World History – Flashcards
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plebiscite
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a popular vote that made Louis-Napoleon president
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Capital
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Britians ready supply of money
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Cottage industry
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a production method in which tasks are don by individuals in their homes
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entrepreneurs
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Very wealthy people that are interested in finding new business opportunity and new ways to make profits
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James Hargreaves
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the inventor of the spinning wheel
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Edmund Cartwright
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water-powered loom
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James Watt
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Steam engine
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puddling
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the process where coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron
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Robert Fulton
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built first paddle wheel steamboat
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industrial capitalism
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economic system based that produced a new middle-class group called the industrial working class
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Socialism
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system where society owns and controls some means of production (factories)
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Robert Owen
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British cotton manufacture who believed humans would show their good if they lived in a cop orate environment
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Klemens von Matternich
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leader of the Congress of Vienna (Austria)
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principle of legitamacy
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principle that meant that lawful monarchs from the royal families, before Napoleon, would be restored to their positions of power
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conservantism
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Obedience to political authority, emphasizes on organized religion to maintain social order, and resistance to the ideas of individual rights and representative government.
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Princple of Intervention
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great powers had the right to send armies into countries with revolution in order to restore legitimate monarchs
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Liberalism
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a political philosophy originally based largely on Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that civil liberties-the basic rights
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Nationalism
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the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols; more powerful than liberalism
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Universal Male Suffrage
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all afult men could vote
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Louis-Napoleon
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nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte; new president of the Second Republic
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German Confederation
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38 independent German states recognized by the Congress of Vienna. Austria & Prussia were the two great powers
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Multinational State
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a collection of different peoples including Germans, Czechs, Magyars, Slovaks, Romanians, Slovenes, Poles, Croats, Serbians, & Italians Hapsburg emperor was the common blood
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Crimean War
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resulted after the stubble of Russian & Ottomans. 1853 Russia invaded Moldavia & Ottomans declared war. (so did France & Great Britian) (Point:to destroy the Concert of Europe)
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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the Italian leader gf the Red Shirts who went to invade the Two Sicilies
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Militarism
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the reliance on military strength
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Otto von Bismarck
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new prime minister that was seen as the foremost practitioner of "realpolitik". Went against the legislature & collected taxes & improved the army.
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Kaiser
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Emperor (the first to proclaim this title was William I of Prussia)
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Queen Victoria
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Queen of Great Britian who's reign was the longest. Sense of duty and morality reflected on the Victorian Age
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Compromise of 1867
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compromise between Austria and Hungary that unified them under one monarch but each had their own constitution, legislation, government, bureaucracy, and capital
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Czar Alexander
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czar of Russia who issued the emancipation edict, freeing the serfs. His ways didn't work so he was assassinated by radicals
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Emancipation
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the act of setting free
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Abolitionism
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a movement that ended slavery
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secede
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withdraw
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British North America Act
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a bill passed by Parliament in 1867 that established a Canadian nation (Dominion of Canada) with its own constitution
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Romanticism
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an intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the 18th century in reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment; stressed feelings, emotions, and imaginations as sources of knowing
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Ludwig von Beethoven
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greatest music composer of all time
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Louis Pasteur
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the Frenchman who proposed the germ theory of disease
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Mendeleev
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he chemist who classified all the material elements then known on the basis of their atomic weights
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Faraday
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the Englishman who put together a primitive generator that laid the foundation for the use of electric current
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secularization
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indifference or rejection of religion
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Darwin
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the scientist who published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"; principle of organic evolution and natural selection
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natural selection
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the principle set forth by Darwin that some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others; "survival of the fittest"
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realism
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mid-19th century movement that rejected romanticism and sought to portray lower- and middle- class life as it actually was; Charles Dickens and Gustave Courbet
