Chapter 19 Matching – Flashcards
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pharmacokinetics
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Study of the distribution in and removal of drugs from the body over a period of time
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nucleotide
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Unit of DNA composed of a sugar, phosphate, and a base
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pedunculated
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Possessing a stem or stalk (peduncle)
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proton therapy
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Subatomic particles produced by a cyclotron deposit an absorbed dose of radiation at a focused point in the body
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neoplasm
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New growth (tumor)
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neoplasm
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A new growth; tumor
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protocol
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Detailed plan for treatment
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protocol
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Plan for treatment
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oncogene
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Region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that cause cancer
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oncogene
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Region of genetic material that causes cancer; found in tumor cells or viruses
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mutation
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Change in genetic material (DNA) of a cell
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mutation
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Change in the genetic material of a cell
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palliative
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Relieving, but not curing symptoms
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radiation
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Energy carried by a stream of particles
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radiation
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Energy carried by a stream of particles
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fulguration
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Destruction of tissue using heat
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en bloc resection
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Removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes
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incisional biopsy
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Cutting into tumor and removing a piece to establish diagnosis
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excisional biopsy
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Removal of tumor and a margin of abnormal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure for small tumors
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cryosurgery
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Freezing a lesion
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cauterization
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Burning a lesion
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pelvic exenteration
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Wide resection involving tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue in the area of the hip
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gray (Gy)
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Unit of absorbed radiation dose
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irradiation
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Exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat or x-rays, grading of tumors
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grading of tumors
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Evaluation of the degree of maturity of tumor cells
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fractionation
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Giving radiation in small, repeated doses
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metastasis
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Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site
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mitosis
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Replication of cells; two identical cells from a parent cell
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morbidity
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Condition of being diseased
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genetic screening
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Family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene
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external beam radiation
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Radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source
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modality
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Method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy or radiation
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benign
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Harmless; not cancerous
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morbidity
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The condition of being diseased
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in vitro
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In glass; an experiment performed in a laboratory with chemicals
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in vivo
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In life; an experiment performed in a living animal
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lethal
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Pertaining to producing death
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mitosis
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Production of two identical cells from a parent cell
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mitosis
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Replication of cells; two identical cells are produced from a parent cell
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carcinogen
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A substance that produces cancer
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aspiration
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To remove substances from a cavity using suction
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RNA
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Cellular substance (ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis
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virus
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Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself
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ultraviolet radiation
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Rays given off by the sun
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chemical carcinogen
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An agent (hydrocarbon, insecticide, hormone) that causes cancer
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DNA
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Genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis
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beta-HCG test
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Test for the presence of a portion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (a marker for testicular cancer)
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staging laparotomy
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Incision of the abdomen to determine extent of disease
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CA-125
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Protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood
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laparoscopy
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Visual examination of the abdominal cavity; peritoneoscopy
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estrogen receptor assay
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Test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells
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bone marrow biopsy
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Removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue
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core needle biopsy
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Aspiration of tissue for microscopic examination
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PSA test
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Blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer
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CEA test
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Blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI cancer)
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exfoliative cytology
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Cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined
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chemotherapy
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Treatment with drugs
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell
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carcinoma
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Cancerous tumor
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differentiating agents
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Drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate, stop growing, and die
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cellular oncogenes
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Pieces of DNA that can cause a normal cell to become malignant
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dedifferentiation
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Loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive type; anaplasia
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carcinogens
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Agents that cause cancer; chemicals, drugs, radiation, viruses
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biological therapy
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Use of the body's own defenses to destroy tumor cells
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electron beams
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Low-energy beams of irradiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors
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differentiation
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Specialization of cells
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inflammatory
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Characterized by redness, swelling, and heat
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medullary
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Tumors are large, soft, fleshy
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necrotic
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Containing dead tissue
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fungating
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Mushrooming pattern of growth
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ulcerating
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Characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces
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cystic
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Tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid
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verrucous
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Tumors resemble wart-like growths
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polypoid
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Growths are projections from a base (sessile and pedunculated)
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MOAB
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type of biological response modifier used in cancer treatment
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Gy
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unit of radiation equal to one hundredth of a rad
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VEGF
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secreted by tumors to stimulate formation of new blood vessels
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PSCT
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infusion of undifferentiated blood cells into a patient to repopulate the bone marrow
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TNM
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staging system for evaluate malignancies
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EPO
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promotes the growth of red blood cells
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CSF
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protein factor that promotes growth of white blood cells
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XRT
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brachytherapy and teletherapy are examples
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bx
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microscopic examination of living tissue for diagnosis of disease
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mets
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spread of malignant cells to a distant site
