Chapter 18 Human Genetics BIO 104 – Flashcards
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metastasis
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A cancer's spread is called ___________
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Radiation, viruses, and chemical mutation
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In 1971, cancer was thought to be caused by
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recessive or dominant mutations
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Sporadic cancers result from
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germ line mutation
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Dana Reeve, the wife of actor Christopher Reeve, died at a young age from lung cancer, although she had never smoked. Her cancer was likely caused by ____ mutation
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contact inhibited
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Cancer cells are not
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dedifferentiated
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The term used to describe the fact that cancer cells have lost the specializations of the cells from which they descend is _____?
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angiogenisis
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Growth of new blood vessels in and around tumors is called ___?
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Tumor cells, abnormal daughter cells, normal cells, stem cells
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A cancer stem cell can divide to give rise to ____?
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When trans-located to a highly expressed gene
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A proto-oncogene can become an oncogene when ____?
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oncogene
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A(n) _______ is a type of cancer-causing gene that promotes cancer by activating cell division at an inappropriate time or place.
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trans-location that moves a proto-oncogene
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The oncogene that causes Burkitt's lymphoma results from ....?
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a fusion protein
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Chronic myeloid leukemia is caused by a translocation that creates _____ that deregulates the cell cycle of myeloid white blood cells.
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Tumor suppressor genes
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Genes that normally prevent cell division are ......?
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deletion/mutation
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Loss of tumor suppression in a cell usually results from _____ of a tumor suppressor gene.
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a child's kidney divide as rapidly as it did when they were a fetus
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In Wilms' tumor the cells in ......?
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failure to repair damaged DNA
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The cause of p53-related cancers is ....?
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Interference with repair of a double-strand DNA breaks
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Several genes that cause inherited forms of breast cancer have _____ in common.
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by blocking trans-location of tumor suppressor gene
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A way that a microRNA can cause cancer is to ____?
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apoptosis and mitosis
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A gatekeeper gene regulates.....?
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True
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Mitosis in a cancer cell can be compared to a runaway train that is racing along without signals and control points. True False
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A. Act early in the disease
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When tumor cell DNA is examined from people at different stages of the same cancer type, mutations that are common to all of them A. act early in the disease. B. act late in the disease. C. acted on an initial cell and then reverted to wild type. D. entered the cells on the same type of virus. E. are there by coincidence and do not mean anything about the disease.
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APC mutation
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The first mutation typically detected in FAP colon cancer is ____?
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C. Cruciferous vegetables
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Which of these are thought to have anti-cancer benefits?
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Surgery, chemotherapy, and raditation
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Traditional cancer treatments include
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Inhibiting angiogenisis
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A more recently developed cancer treatment is
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1 in 3
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The probability of cancer development in the general population is one is _____ people.
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True
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Mitosis in a cancer cell can be compared to a runaway train that is racing along without signals and control points. True or False
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Specific Combinations of Alleles/ environmental factors
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Cancer does not typically follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance because it is usually caused by ...?
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germline
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A _____ mutation is one that is present in every cell of an individual, including gametes.
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cell cycle
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All cancers reflect, at the most general level, a defect in ...?
