Chapter 18 Cold War Conflicts Notes – Flashcards
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What caused suspicions between the US and the USSR during WW2?
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Americans were suspicious because Soviets were an ally of Nazi Germany. Soviets were suspicious because Americans delayed starting the attack on Germany.
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How did the US and USSR relate to each other at the UN?
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They used it to control or influence other nations.
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What happened at the Potsdam Conference?
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No free elections in the Soviet occupied Europe and reparations would be taken from only the occupied parts of Germany.
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What caused the tension between the USSR and the US after the war?
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Germany reunification question
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What was the essence of the disagreement between the US and the USSR in Europe?
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The Soviets installing communist govts in Europe.
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How were the US and the USSR different?
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US = democratic, capitalism USSR = dictatorship, communism
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What action did the USSR take in Europe that was opposed by the US?
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Blockade of West Berlin
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What did Stalin do to make Truman distrust him?
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Stalin would not allow free elections in Eastern Europe
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What were Truman's goals in establishing the policy of containment?
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To stop the spread of the Soviet Communists
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What was the Truman Doctrine?
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The policy of US to support free peoples who are resisting being converted or conquered by other peoples
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What was the Marshall Plan?
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providing aid to all European countries that needed help
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What caused Stalin to close access to West Berlin?
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Stalin wanted to take West Berlin
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What were the effects of the Berlin Airlift?
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It broke the Soviet blockade, increased American prestige and reduced Soviet prestige.
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How did the Americans get supplies to West Berlin?
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Berlin Airlift
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Why was the NATO alliance formed?
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So to support all other nations in the event of aggression or war
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What started civil war again in China?
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Defeat of Japan.
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What was the outcome of the civil war in China?
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Communist controlled China.
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What factors led to the Communist takeover in China?
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The Nationalists were corrupt and non-supportive of the peasants. The Communists had strong leadership, and they worked to win peasant support.
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How did the outcome of the Chinese civil war affect American politics?
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People blamed the American govt as having communist that helped China.
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How did Korea become divided after WW2?
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North Korea surrendered to the Soviets and South Korea surrendered to the Americans.
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How did the Korean War start?
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North Korea invades South Korea.
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Why did the US go to the aid of South Korea?
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It was through the UN.
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What did MacArthur's counterattack at Inchon accomplish?
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It saved the South Korea and captured most of North Korean army.
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What brought China into the war?
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When the UN reached the Yalu River.
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What caused the disagreement between MacArthur and Truman?
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MacArthur wanted to wage full-scale NUCLEAR war against China. Truman wanted limited warfare.
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How did the Korean War end?
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It was a stalemate.
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How did the involvement of communist China affect the Korean War?
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Just as UN forces had overtaken North Korea, the Chinese entered the war for North Korea and pushed UN troops southward.
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Why were Americans worried about the security of the US?
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Because of communism spreading
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What was the purpose of the Loyalty Review Board?
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Investigate govt employees and to fire those that were disloyal. Individuals were not allowed to see the evidence against them.
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What did the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) do?
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investigations into communist influence in the American movie industry
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Who were the Hollywood Ten?
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men that decided not to cooperate because they believed that the hearings were unconstitutional
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Why was Hollywood a target of anti-Communist investigations by Congress?
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HUAC believed that Hollywood was sneaking propaganda into films. They believed that the pro-Soviet films of WW2 were the beginning of it.
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Why was State Department official Alger Hiss investigated?
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Because of accusations of being a communist spy
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Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
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Members of the communist party that were accused of helping give Soviets the plans for the atomic bomb.
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Why did the cases of Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs heighten the anti-Communist mood of Americans?
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They added to the impression that the US was being betrayed by Communist spies.
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What was controversial about McCarthy's tactics?
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He accused people with no evidence
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Why did most Republicans remain silent about McCarthy's "Witch Hunt"?
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The Republicans wanted to win the next elections.
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What caused McCarthy's downfall?
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He started to accuse the army of having communist
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What other anti-Communist measures were enacted in the early 1950s?
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loyalty oaths, and making it illegal to overthrow the govt by violence
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How does the Hydrogen Bomb differ from the atomic bomb?
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It was 60 times more powerful than the bomb over Hiroshima
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What was the policy of brinkmanship?
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The willingness of the US and USSR to go to THE EDGE of all out war
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How did the US and the USSR start the arms race?
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By developing more powerful weapons, including the H-bomb.
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What was the role of the CIA in the Cold War?
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To gather intelligences and to carry out secret operations against unfriendly govts.
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What was the Warsaw Pact?
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Military alliance in support of the USSR.
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What happened at the Geneva Summit?
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USSR rejected Eisenhower's plan to allow flights over its territory.
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How did conflict over the Suez Canal start a war in the Middle East?
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Egypt nationalized the canal and prevented Israel from using it. Britain, France and Israel took the Mediterranean end of the canal.
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What were the results of the Suez War?
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Britain, France, and Israel withdrew from the Mediterranean end of the canal and control of the canal passed to Egypt.
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What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?
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The US would defend the Middle East from communism
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What happened during the Hungarian uprising?
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The new Hungarian govt kicked out the Soviets but the Soviets squashed the revolution and invaded.
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How did the Soviet launch of Sputnik affect the US?
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Americans were shocked and then pushed all efforts to launch a satellite.
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How did the U-2 flight of Francis Powers influence US-USSR relations?
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There was a greater tension between the 2 superpowers.
