Chapter 17 Oral Pathology MDA – Flashcards
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pathology
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study of disease
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lesion
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a pathologic site
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erosion
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wearing away of tissue
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cyst
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closed cell or pouch with a definite wall
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abscess
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a localized collection of pus anywhere in the body
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hematoma
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a swelling or mass of blood collected in one area or organ
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ecchymosis
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medical term for bruising
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granuloma
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a granular tumor or growth
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leukoplakia
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the formation of white spots or patches on the mucosa.
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lichen planus
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A benign, chronic disease that affects the skin and oral mucosa
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candidiasis
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a superficial infection that is caused by a yeastlike fungus
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cellulitis
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the inflammation of cellular or connective tissue
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glossitis
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a general term used to describe inflammation of the tounge
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carcinoma
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a malignant tumor in epithelial tissue
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sarcoma
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a malignant tumor in connective tissue such as muscle or bone
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leukemia
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a malignant disease of the blood-forming organs
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xerostomia
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dryness of the mouth caused by reduction of saliva
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congenital disorder
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a disorder that is present at birth
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biopsy
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the removal of tissue from living patients for diagnostic examination
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metastasize
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the spreading of disease from one part of the body to another
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meth mouth
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the term for advanced tooth decay caused by the heavy use of methamphetamine.
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ulcers, cysts, and areas of erosion
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What type of lesions are below the surface?
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blisters, pustules, and plaques
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What type of lesions are above the surface?
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brusies
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What type of lesions are even with the surface?
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leukoplakia
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What condition appears as a white patch or area?
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candidiasis
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What condition results from an infection caused by a yeastlike fungus?
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aphthous ulcer
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What is another term for "canker sore"?
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cellulitis
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What is the condition in which inflammation causes severe pain and high fever?
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glossitis
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What is the term for inflammation of the tongue?
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geographic tongue
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What is the condition in which a pattern on the tongue changes?
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pernicious anemia
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What is the condition in which the body does not absorb vitamin B12?
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leukemia
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What type of cancer affects the blood-forming organs?
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leukoplakia
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What is a common precancerous lesion among users of smokeless tobacco?
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carcinoma
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What is the term for a malignant lesion in the epithelial tissue of the oral cavity?
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lack of saliva
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What causes radiation caries?
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hairy leukoplakia
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What is the condition frequently seen on the lateral border of the tongue of patients with HIV/AIDS?
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Kaposi's Sarcoma
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What opportunistic infection is seen as a purplish colored lesions on the skin or oral mucosa of patients with HIV/AIDS?
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lymphoma
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What is the malignant condition that involves the lymph nodes of patients with HIV/AIDS?
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macrognathia
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What is the term for abnormally large jaws?
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torus palatinus
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What is the name of the bony growth in the palate?
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tongue-tie
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What is a more common term for ankyloglossia?
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dens in dente
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What is the dental term for "tooth within a tooth"?
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microdontia
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What is the term for abnormally small teeth?
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fusion
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What term is used to describe two teeth joining together?
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amelogenesis imperfecta
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Name the hereditary abnormality in which there are hypoplasia-type defects in the enamel formation
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infection, chipped teeth, and broken teeth.
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What are the potential complications of oral-facial piercings?
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consumption of sugary soft drinks, lack of saliva caused by the drug, and clenching and grinding of the teeth
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What factors can cause meth mouth?
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acute inflammation
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minimal short lasting injury to tissue
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chronic inflammation
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continuous injury or irritation to tissue
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lymphadenopathy
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disease or swelling of the lymphnodes
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tori
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abnormal growths of bone in a specific area
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inflammation of cellular or connective tissue
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how would you describe the condition of cellulitis?
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sarcoma
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A tumor of connective tissue
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HIV
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Characterized by a bright red line along the border of the free gingival margin?
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tongue dorsum
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What is the location of hairy leukoplakia?
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therapeutic
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What type of diagnosis is made by providing a treatment and seeing how the condition responds?
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antibiotics
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If taken during pregnancy. may result in a yellow-brown stain on the teeth of the fetus
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no
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Is lichen planus a malignant condition?
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a history of bulimia
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Tooth erosion is often seen in patients with what?
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white patch
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leukoplakia is a term that means what?
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fungus and yeast
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The candidiasis infection is caused by what?
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cellulitis
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What is "black hairy tongue" caused by?
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decalcification of enamel
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What do the oral manifestation of bulimia include?
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HIV positive status
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Hairy leukoplakia is found in patients with what?
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osteosarcoma
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a malignant tumor involving the bone
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developmental disorders occur when the cells in the body divide, inherited disorders are caused by an abnormal gene
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What is the difference between developmental and inherited disorders?
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a disorder present at birth
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What is a congenital disorder?
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deciduous molars
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Which teeth are most often affected by anklyosis?
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dentinogenesis imperfecta
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What is the hereditary condition that affects the dentin?
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abrasion is abnormal wearing away caused by a repetitive habit and attrition is the normal wearing away caused by age
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What is the difference between abrasion and attrition?
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generalized erosion on the lingual surfaces of the teeth
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What is an oral indication of bulimia?
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a dentist or a physician
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Who may diagnose pathologic conditions?
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signs and symptoms
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What are oral manifestations?
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eight
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How many sources of information can be used to make a final diagnosis?
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historical, clinical, microscopic, laboratory, therapeutic, radiographic, surgical, and differential findings
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What are the eight sources of information that can be used to make a final diagnosis?
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the clinical appearance of the lesion, including the color, size, shape, and location
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What is the clinical diagnosis based on?
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methamphetamine
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Potent central nervous system stimulant
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petechiae
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small, pinpoint red spots on the skin or mucous membrane
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periapical pathology, internal resorption and impacted teeth
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What are radiographs good at providing information about?
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Microscopic diagnosis
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When a suspicious lesion is present, tissue is removed from the lesion and is sent to a pathology laboratory, where it is evaluated microscopically.
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Laboratory diagnosis
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Blood chemistries and other laboratory tests, including urinalysis, can provide information the leads to a diagnosis
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by seeing how the condition responds
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How is a therapeutic diagnosis made?
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surgical diagnosis
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A diagnosis that is made on the basis of findings from a surgical procedure
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when two or more possible causes of a condition are identified
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When must a differential diagnosis be made?
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Inflammation
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The body's protective response to irritation or injury
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acute inflammation
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occurs if the injury to the tissue is minimal and short-lasting and the tissue begins to repair quickly
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chronic inflammation
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Occurs when injury or irritation to the tissue continues
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lesion
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A broad term for abnormal tissues in the oral cavity
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trauma
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wound or injury
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a shallow injury in the mucosa caused by mechanical trauma
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What is an erosion of the soft tissue?
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redness, swelling, heat, and pain
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What are the classic signs of inflammation?
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cyst
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a fluid or semisolid, fluid-filled sac.
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no
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Is the material in a cyst always infectious?
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vesicles
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What is another name for blisters?
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a watery fluid
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What do blisters contain?
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pustule
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looks like a blister, but it contains pus
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hematoma
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similar to a blister but it contains blood
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plaque
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any patch or flat area that is slightly raised from the surface
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nodules
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may appear below the surface or may be slightly elevated, are small, round, solid lesions. When palpated, feels like a pea below the surface
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benign
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Non-life threatening
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malignant
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life threatening
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neoplams
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Another name for tumors
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Wickham's striae
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on the oral mucosa, the patchy white lesions that exhibit a characteristic pattern of circles and interconnecting lines that are called what?
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antibiotic therapy, diabetes, xerostomia, and weakend immunologic reactions
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What does candidiasis result from?
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halitosis
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unpleasant breath odor
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dygeusia
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distorted sense of tatse
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thrush
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another name for pseudomembranous candidiaisis
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erythematous candidiasis
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Another name for atrophic candidiasis
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fissured tongue
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a variation of normal, and its cause is unknown top of tongue appears to have deep fissures or grooves that become irritated if food debris collects in them
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oral cancer
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One of the 10 most frequently occuring cancers in the world
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adenocarcinoma
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a malignant tumor that comes from the glands underlying the oral mucosa
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dry mouth
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What is xerostomia?
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tertogens
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Environmental factors that have a negative effect on development
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gemination
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tooth germ tries to divide
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tubercle
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an extra cusp due to effects on enamel organ
