Chapter 17 – oral pathology – Flashcards
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oral pathology
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study of diseases in the oral cavity
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necrosis, glossus, amelo, gnathia, dontia, macro, micro, metastasize
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necrosis - dead or dying glossus - tongue amelo - enamel gnathia - jaw dontia - teeth macro - big micro - small metastasize - spread
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lesion
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an area of pathology (pathology - the study of disease)
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list 7 diagnostics
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clinical, laboratory, surgical, historical, microscopic, therapeutic, differential
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define the 7 diagnostics
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H- personal, family, dental, or medical history C- clinical appearance of lesion, color, size, shape and location M- suspicious lesion removed and sent away -biopsy L- blood chemistries and lab tests including urinalysis T- providing treatment and see how condition responds S- basis of findings from a surgical procedure D- 2 or more causes identified a differential diagnosis must be made
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list the 4 lesions above the mucosa
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blisters or vesicles, pustule, hematoma, plaque
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blisters
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filled with watery fluid
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pustule
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looks like blister - contains pus
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hematoma
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similar to blister - contains blood
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plaque
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any patch or flat area slightly raised from surface
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list the 4 lesions below the mucosa
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ulcer, erosion, abscess, cyst
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ulcer
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break in the mucosa - looks like a crater
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erosion
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shallow injury in mucosa caused by mechanical trauma (chewing)
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abscess
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collection of pus in a specific area
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cyst
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fluid-filled sac - not always infectious
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name the lesion even with the mucosa
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ecchymosis
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ecchymosis
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medical term for bruise
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name 3 lesions raised or flat with mucosa
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nodules, granuloma, tumor
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nodules
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appear below or slightly elevated - small, round solid lesions
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granuloma
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appear on gingival surface as a swollen mass
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tumor
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know as neoplasms - mass of tissue grows beyond normal size for no purpose -benign or malignant
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diseases of oral soft tissue
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leukoplakia, lichen planus, candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia
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leukoplakia
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white patch - idiopathic - appearance and texture vary - appears before a malignant lesion
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lichen planus
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benign chronic disease that affects the skin and oral mucosa - idiopathic - patchy white lesions exhibit a pattern of circle and interconnecting lines
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hairy leukoplakia
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positive for HIV - early sign of change to AIDS status - white plaque found on one or both sides of tongue - flat in appearance
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candidiasis
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superficial infection caused by yeast like fungus, most common infection - discomfort, pain resulting from dry mouth, diabetes, antibiotics
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pseudomembranous candidiasis
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thrush - creamy white plaques
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hyperplastic candidiasis
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white plaque non removable from scraping
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carcinoma
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malignant growth of epithelium invading surrounding bone and connective tissues
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sarcoma
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malignant growth that comes from supportive and connective tissue such as bone
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3 conditions of the tongue
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geographic, fissured, black hairy tongue
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geographic tongue
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loses piliform papillae, irregularly shaped patterns
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fissured tongue
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variation of normal - deep fissures and grooves - idiopathic
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black hairy tongue
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oral imbalance from antibiotics - filiform papillae resemble hairs
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pernicious anemia
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body does not absorb vitamin B12
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oral cancer warning signs
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sore in mouth that doesn't heal, lump or swelling in neck, lips or oral cavity, white or rough textured lesions on lips or oral cavity, numbness in or around oral cavity, dryness in mouth for no reason, difficulty speaking chewing or swallowing, burning sensation or soreness in oral cavity for no reason, repeated bleeding in specific area of oral cavity for no reason
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dental implications of chemotherapy
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mucositis, apthous ulcers (canker sores), transient reactions, xerostomia (dry mouth), delayed healing, dentinal malformation
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dental implications of radiation
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xerostomia (dry mouth), radiation caries (extremely sensitive to hot and cold - cervical area caries), osetoradionecrosis (result in death of bone)
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andodontia
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absence of single or multiple teeth - primary/permanent - partial/total
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supernumerary teeth
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development of 1 or more extra teeth - excess of 32 - small and poorly shaped
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macrodontia
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abnormally large teeth - entire dentition or only 2 teeth
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microdontia
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abnormally small teeth - if its in entire dentition its due to congenital heart disease or down syndrome
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dens in dente
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tooth with in a tooth
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gemination
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attempt by the tooth bud to divide - if unsuccessful creates a incisal notch
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fusion
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joining together of the dentin and the enamel of 2 or more separate developing teeth
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concrescence
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union of root structure of 2 or more teeth by cementum
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micrognathia
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abnormally small jaws - class II malocclusion
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macrognathia
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abnormally large jaws - often in the mandible - class III malocclusion
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abrasion
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abnormal wearing away of tooth structure caused by repetitive habit
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exsotosis
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benign bony overgrowth projects outwards from the surface of a bone
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attrition
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normal wearing away of tooth structure during chewing
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erosion
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wearing away of tissue
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disturbances in enamel formation
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amelogenesis imperfecta, hypocalcification
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amelogenesis imperfecta
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hereditary abnormality - defects in enamel formation
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hypocalcification
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incomplete calcification or hardening of enamel of tooth
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dentinogenesis imperfecta
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hereditary condition affects the formation of dentin - primary and permanent dentition
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abnormal eruption of teeth
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natal teeth, ankylosis impaction
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natal teeth
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are the teeth present at birth
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ankylosis
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deciduous teeth in which bone has fused to cementum and dentin
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impaction
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any tooth remains unerupted in the jaws beyond the time at which it should normally erupt (wisdom teeth)
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oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS
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HIV gingivitis, HIV periodontitis, cervica lymphadenopathy, candidiasis, lymphoma, hairy leukoplakia, karposis sarcoma, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, human papillomavirus
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HIV gingivitis
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atypical gingivitis - brightened line may progress from the free gingival margin over the attached gingival and alveolar mucosa
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HIV periodontitis
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AIDS virus - necrotizing gingivitis superimposed on rapidly progressive periodontitis
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cervical lymphadenopathy
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enlargement of cervical nodes (neck)
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lymphoma
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malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissue (grows rapidly in size and may be first evidence)
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karposis sarcoma
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infections occur in HIV patients used to diagnose AIDS - blue, black, red blotches usually flat in early stages - no effective treatment
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human papillomavirus
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responsible or warts often in immune compromised individuals - appear spiky, some raised, cauliflower like appearance
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herpes simplex
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lesions occur on lips - noticed throughout mouth - lesion lasting longer than 1 month is indicator of AIDS
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herpes zoster
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shingles - cause intraoral manifestations in form of blisters, generally present on both sides of the mouth and are very painful
