Chapter 17 Exam – Flashcards

The economic development of Latin America was heavily dependent on a. state subsidies b. domestic manufacturing c. stock appreciation d. foreign capital

Which of the following explains why industrialization first occurred in Europe? a. Europe had an unchallenged economic advantage over all other regions by 1750 b. Europe possessed a unique capacity for technological innovation c. European rulers fostered unusually close alliances with their merchant classes d. Europe was the only region that had highly commercialized, market0based economies by 1750

Which of the following reflects an explanation for Europe's Industrial revolution, which most historians criticize as Eurocentric and deterministic? a. technological creativity outside of Europe had slowed down considerably or stagnated by the early modern era b. unique features of European society, economy, or history gave it a long term advantage and head start in industrializing c. by the 18th century, the most advanced regions in the world enjoyed global economic parity d. industrial techniques spread quickly and unevenly around the world after 1750

Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology? a. until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels of economic development b. Non- European civilizations have made valuablee contributions to world history in music and cuisine c. Europeans today lag far behind the United States in terms of industry and technology d. Europes early industrialization relied almost exclusively on slave labor from Africa

Which of the following has been offered as an explanation for why Britain was the first European country to industrialization? a. Lack of coal deposits forced British industrialists to develop wind-based energy sources b. British monarchs had absolute power and directed the country's industrialization c. a scarcity of workers in britain led to technological innovations that increased efficiency d. the scientific revolution in Great Britain fostered practical technological innovation

In what way wass the Industrial Revolution a global phenomenon by the end of the nineteenth century a. even regions that failed to industrialize were impacted by industrialization b. Every country's economy was based on manufacturing c. every country in the world had launched its own industrial revolution d. the social transformations that accompanied Britain's industrial revolution spread throughout the world

How did the working class movement in Britain differ from the one Russia?? a. the british working class faced more hostile and autocratic state and never influenced politics b. the British working class was more committed to the ideas and program of Marzism c. the British working class advocated class struggle and revolution to overthrow capitalism d. the british working class advocated a reformist program and a peaceful transition to socialism

Which of the following was areason for the failure of socialism to take root in the United States? a. the absence of labor unions in the United States b. The lack of class consciousness among workers in the united states c. the higher standard of living enjoyed by most american workers d. the homogenous nature of the america population.

Which of the following played a greater role in industrial development in Russia than in the US or Western Europe? a. the state b. slaves c. trade unions d. political party

industrialization led to violent social revolution only in a. britain b. france c. US d. Russia

How did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europe's Industrial Revolutin a. it awakened a desire to keep all foreign influence out of Europe b. it forced Europeans to acknowledge and overcome their backwardness c. it enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the world's resources d. it stimulated European states to industrialize in order to defend themselves from foreign invasion

Which of the following describes the situation in Latin America after independence? a. the availability of cheap land created a new class of small independent farmers b. politically, the area was plagued by internal divisions and regional revolts c. the military declined in size and importance, and civilian governments brought stability and prosperity to the region d. new legal distinctions were created for various racial categories

Which of the following accompanied industrialization wherever it occurred in the wordl? a. racism b. westernization c. urbanization d, revolution

which of the following describes how hthe movement toward industrialization in the 19th century affected latin america? a. the large market for manufactured goods developed in latin America b. latin america provided cheap labor for foreign-owned manufacturing industries c. latin america exported textiles, machinery, tools, weapons, and luxury gods to the US and Euroep d. Lain America provided the food products, raw materials, and markets for industrializing countries

Competition with inexpensive cotton textiles from India a. stimulated the industrialization of the textile industry in Britain b. led British textile manufacturers to focus on making linen and silk garments c. sparked a war between great britain and india d. led Great Britain to begin selling opium to Indians in order to decrease their work ethic and thus the production of cotton textiles

In the 18th century, how di the Industrial revolution solve an emerging energy crisis? a. it emphasized intensive use of the renewable energy sources of wind and water b. it introduced the use of coal, oil, and natural gas as sources of fuel c. it centered on the use of human and animal muscle power d. it encouraged the global trend towards economic protectionism

How did Britain's geography affect its industrial revolution a. proximity to France made it vulnerable to invasions during the reign of napoleon b. Its northern location minimized the effects of the little ice are c. coal and iron ore deposits were abundant and close to each other d. trees covered most of the country, providing a renewable source of energy

Which of the following was a result of the industrial revolution a. an increase in production in ming, manufacturing, and services b. the dominance of the agriculture in the economic sector c. the decline of the middle class d. the shrinking numbers of the working class

Which of the following groups benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in 19th century Britain? a. the aristocracy b. the middle classes c.the laboring classes d. women

What was the significance of the invention of the steam engine? a. decreased amount of workers needed in factories and thus drastically increased unemployment throughout the industrialized world b. provided power for new modes of transportation, but no increase in overall productivity in factories c. decreased the reliance of factories on coal d. allowed a previously unimagined increase in productivity, making the industrial revolution possible

Which of the following made global migration an appealing option for many Europeans during th 19th century? a. the demand for labor overseas b. the appeal of socialist ideas c. the search for a utopian society d. the commitment to revolution

Which of the following describes a feature of Karl Marx's vision for the society he predicted would emerge after the collapse of capitalism? a. a society controlled by a totalitarian state b. a society made up only of the middle class c. a society without classes and conflict d. a society run by the captains of industry

Which group in the US in the early twentieth entry pressed for reforms to correct the abuses of capitalist industrialization? a. the labour party b. the progressives c. the bolsheviks d. the marxists

Which of the following is a phrase that has been used to describe the form of economic growth in Latin America in the 19th and early 20th centuries? a. industrial capitalism b. market-driven industrialization c. socialist development d. depndent development

Which of the following was a value associated with the middle-class culture in the 19th century Britain? a. social justice b. racial equality c. hard work d. luxurious extravagance

Which of the following was a factor that pushed many Europeans to immigrate in the nineteenth century? a. the rise n artisan manufacturing worldwide b. the unsanitary and harsh working and living conditions in European urban centers c. the high cost of transportation in Europe d. the scarcity of factory jobs in European urban centers

Which of the following was a reason for US intervention in Central American in the early twentieth century? a. to support American corporate interest in Cuba, haiti, the DR, Nicaragua, and Mexico b. to ensure that the food items exported from the so-called banana republics were pesticide-free c. to slow the spread of Communism d. to maintain the american monopoly on international shipping in the Caribbean

Whose perspective is reflected in this response to the proposal for a ten-hour workday in 19th century Britain? "To produce the same quantity of work under 10 hours bill will require an additional outlay of 3000 or 4000 pounds..." a. a marxist revolutionary b. a parliament member c. a factory owner d. a factory worker

In the "Communist Manifesto", what special term do the authors use to describe this group? "These laborers, who must sell themselves piecemeal, are a commodity, like every other article of commerce, and are consequently exposed to al the vicissitudes of competition, to all the fluctuations of the market." a. the bourgeoisie b. the proletariat c. the capitalists d. the caudillos

Which group does the 19th century writer Samuel Smiles describe as similar to "savage tribes" who "debase themselves by the vices which accompany civilization, but make no use whatever of its benefits and advantages"? a. native americans in North America b. colonial subjects in Asia and Africa c. the middle class d. the industrial poor