Chapter 16: The female reproductive system – Flashcards
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without, absence of
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a-
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bad, abnormal, painful, difficult
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dys-
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within
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endo-
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within
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intra-
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around
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peri-
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before
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pre-
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together, joined
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syn-
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gland
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aden/o
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cervix, neck
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cervic/o
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vagina
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colp/o
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cul-de-sac
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culd/o
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sac, bladder
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cyst/o
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vulva
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episi/o
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woman
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gyn/o, gynec/o
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water
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hydr/o
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uterus
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hyster/o
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white
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leuk/o
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breast
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mamm/o
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breast
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mast/o
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month, menstruation
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men/o, menstru/o
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uterus
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metr/i, metr/o
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muscle
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my/o
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ovary
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oophor/o
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egg
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ov/o
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ovary
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ovari/o
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pelvis, washbasin
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pelv/i, pelv/o
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perineum
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perine/o
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pus
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py/o
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straight, erect, rectum
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rect/o
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tube (usually the eustachian or fallopian tubes)
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salping/o
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sound
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son/o
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nipple
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thel/i
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cervix, neck
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trachel/o
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womb, uterus
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uter/o
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sheath, vagina
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vagin/o
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vulva
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vulv/o
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pertaining to
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-al
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pertaining to
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-an
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pertaining to
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-ary
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closure; absence of of a normal body opening
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-atresia
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surgical puncture to aspirate fluids
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-centesis
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process of recording
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-graphy
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condition of
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-la
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surgical fixation, suspension
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-pexy
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suturing
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-rrhaphy
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trumpet, fallopian tube
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-salpinx
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surgical creation of an opening
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-stomy
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absence of menstrual discharge; also called menostasis.
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amenorrhea
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pain during menstruation.
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dysmenorrhea
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blood in a fallopian tube.
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hematosalpinx
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water accumulation in a fallopian tube.
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hydrosalpinx
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white or yellow discharge from the uterus.
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leukorrhea
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pain in the breast.
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mastalgia
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irregular or excessive bleeding during and between menstrual periods.
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menometrorrhagia
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excessive bleeding during menstruation.
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menorrhagia
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bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation.
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metrorrhagia
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discharge of mucous or pus from the uterus.
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metrorrhea
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abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation.
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oligomenorrhea
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pus within a fallopian tube, a common sign of a bacterial infection.
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pyosalpinx
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abnormal condition of glandular tissue growth within muscle; in the female, the term refers to growth of the endometrium into the muscular layer of the uterus.
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adenomyosis
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absence of a breast.
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amastia
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inflammation of Bartholin's gland; also known as bartholinitis.
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Bartholin's adenitis
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malignant tumor that arises from breast tissue; the most common form is called an infiltrating ductal carcinoma, abbreviated IDC.
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breast cancer
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precancerous form of cervical cancer.
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carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix
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malignant tumor that arises from the cervix; the most common form is squamous cell carcinoma.
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cervical cancer
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abnormal development of cells within the cervix; results in tumor formation, which has the potential of becoming cancerous; abbreviated CIN.
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cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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inflammation of the cervix.
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cervicitis
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benign tumor that arises from ovarian tissue composed of abnormal embryonic tissue (including bone, teeth, hair, and skin).
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dermoid cyst
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difficult or painful sexual intercourse.
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dyspareunia
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inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix.
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endocervicitis
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malignant tumor that arises from endometrial tissue of the uterus; one form of uterine cancer.
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endometrial cancer
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abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus), in which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity, including on the fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries, and elsewhere.
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endometriosis
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inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus).
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endometritis
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formation of one or more benign cysts in the breast, abbreviated FBD.
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fibrocystic breast disease
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benign tumor containing fibrous tissue that arises from the myometrium of the uterus; commonly referred to as fibroidsl the condition is also called myoma of the uterus, fibromyoma, and leiomyoma.
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fibroid tumor
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abnormal passage from one hollow organ to another; a rectovaginal fistula occurs between the vagina and the rectum, and a vesicovaginal fistula occurs between the bladder and the vagina.
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fistula
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pertaining to a disease of women.
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gynopathic
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closure of the uterus; results in an abnormal obstruction in the uterine canal.
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hysteratresia
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inflammation of the breast.
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mastitis
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condition of a sagging breast.
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mastoptosis
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inflammation of the myometrium (of the uterus).
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myometritis
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inflammation of an ovary.
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oophoritis
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malignant tumor that arises from an ovary.
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ovarian cancer
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cyst (abnormal fluid-filled sac) of a fallopian tube.
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parovarian cyst
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inflammation of the female organs within the pelvic cavity, generally including the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes; usually caused by bacteria, abbreviated PID.
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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inflammation of the perimetrium (of the uterus).
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perimetritis
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presence of more than two breasts.
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polymastia
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collection of symptoms, including tension, irritability, painful breasts (mastalgia), edema, and headache, that usually strikes during the ten days preceding menstruation, PMS.
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premenstrual syndrome
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displacement of the uterus that results in a downward location, often crowding into the vagina; also called hysteroptosis.
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prolapsed uterus
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inflammation of a fallopian tube.
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salpingitis
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hernia of the fallopian tube.
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salpingocele
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infectious disease characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms, including high fever, skin rash, diarrhea, vomiting, and myalgia, followed by hypertension leading to shock and, in severe cases, death; has been linked to noncotton tampon use and is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus; abbreviated TSS.
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toxic shock syndrome
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inflammation of the vagina, which is also known as colpitis; in a common form known as atrophic vaginitis the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by thinning of the vagina wall and loss of moisture, usually due to the depletion of estrogens.
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vaginitis
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inflammation of the vulva and the vagina.
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vulvovaginitis
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surgical repair of a protrusion of the bladder against the anterior vaginal wall and protrusion of the rectum against the posterior vagina wall; A&P repair.
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anterior and posterior colporrhaphy
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removal of a tissue sample for microscopic evaluation, which may be done by aspiration biopsy, endoscopic biopsy, excisional biopsy, or needle biopsy; abbreviated Bx.
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biopsy
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blood test that is used to provide evidence for ovarian cancer by measuring the levels of a protein produced by cancer cells; abbreviated CA-125.
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cancer antigen-125 tumor marker
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removal of the cone-shaped portion of the cervix.
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cervical conization
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excision of the cervix; also called trachelectomy.
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cervicectomy
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suture of the vagina and perineum to correct tears.
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colpoperineorrhaphy
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surgical repair of the vagina.
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colpoplasty
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suturing of the vagina.
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colporrhaphy
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endoscopic examination of the vagina (and cervix) using a modified endoscope called a colposcope.
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colposcopy
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surgical puncture into the pelvic cavity to remove fluid from the space between the rectum and uterus, called the rectouterine pouch (Douglas's cul-de-sac).
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culdocentesis
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endoscopic examination of the rectouterine pouch (Douglas's cul-de-sac), using a modified endoscope called a culdoscope.
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culdoscopy
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dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding, obtain a tissue sample for biopsy, or remove polyps; abbreviated D&C.
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dilation and curettage
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use of lasers, electricity, or heat to destroy the endometrium, followed by its removal; used to treat abnormal bleeding.
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endometrial ablation
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surgical repair of the vulva and perineum.
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episioperineoplasty
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suturing of the vulva to correct a tear.
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episiorrhaphy
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incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing during childbirth.
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episiotomy
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study of diseases of women; abbreviated GYN.
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gynecology
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physician who specializes in women's diseases.
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gynecologist
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clinical treatment that includes the replacement of naturally produced hormones with synthetic hormones as a treatment for menopause, abbreviated HRT; estrogen replacement therapy; ERT.
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hormone replacement therapy
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excision of the hymen.
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hymenectomy
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incision into the hymen.
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hymenotomy
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excision of the uterus that may include surrounding structures; also called uterectomy.
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hysterectomy
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surgical fixation of the uterus.
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hysteropexy
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x-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the uterus and fallopian tubes, called hysterosalpingogram, after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium; abbreviated HSG.
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hysterosalpingography
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excision of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, when the excision occurs through the abdomen and is bilateral, the procedure is abbreviated TAH/BSO (total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy).
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hysterosalpingooophorectomy
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endoscopic examination of the uterine cavity, using a modified endoscope called a hysteroscope.
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hysteroscopy
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endoscopic examination of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a modified endoscope called a laparoscope.
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laparoscopy
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x-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast; the image is called a mammogram.
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mammography
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surgical repair of the breasts that results in the enlargement or reduction of breast size or the removal of a tumor.
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mammoplasty
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excision of a breast; in a simple mastectomy, one entire breast is removed, leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact; a radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the entire affected breast, the underlying chest muscles, and local lymph nodes; a modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and lymph nodes of the underarm; leaving muscle intact; a lumpectomy or tylectomy is the removal of the cancerous lesions only; in order to conserve the breast.
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mastectomy
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surgical fixation of the breast; usually performed to elevate pendulous breast tissue.
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mastopexy
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excision of the myoma, or fibroid tumor, from the uterus.
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myomectomy
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excision of an ovary.
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oophorectomy
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excision of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, which are removed through an abdominal incision; a radical hysterectomy is a similar procedure in which the lymph nodes, upper portion of the vagina, and surrounding tissues are also removed.
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panhysterectomy
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a diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities; mainly used to screen for cervical cancer; also called Pap smear or Pap test.
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Papanicolaou smear
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suturing of the perineum to correct a tear.
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perineorrhaphy
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excision of a fallopian tube.
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salpingectomy
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excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary, usually from the same side.
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salpingo-oophorectomy
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surgical creation of an opening through the wall of a fallopian tube, often to treat ectopic tubal pregnancy.
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salpingostomy
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ultrasound procedure that records an image of the uterus with the use of sound waves; the image is called a sonohysterogram, and is used to evaluate the postoperative status of polyps, myomas, and adhesions of the uterus.
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sonohysterography
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suturing of the wall of the cervix.
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trachelorrhaphy
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an ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility; abbreviated TVS.
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transvaginal sonography
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sterilization procedure by ligating (cutting and tying) the fallopian tubes.
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tubal ligation
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instrument for opening the vaginal orifice to permit visual examination of the vagina and beyond.
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vaginal speculum
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excision of the vulva.
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vulvectomy
