Chapter 16 Evolve – Flashcards
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_____ evaluates the degree of dedifferentiation of cancer cells.
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grading
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The term leukocytosis in your patient's laboratory report means:
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an abnormal increase in white blood cells
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The combining form aden/o in the term adenocarcinoma, refers to the cancer's derivation from a:
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gland
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The term ___ in your patient's laboratory report means a deficiency in the number of platelets.
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thrombocytopenia
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Tumors that are a combination of cells from within one or between two cancer categories are called:
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mixed tumors
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The body's normal function of keeping cell growth in check is:
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apoptosis (note correct spelling)
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The medical term for how much cancer cells appear different from their original form is:
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anaplasia
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Malignant tumors derived from epithelial tissue are:
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carcinomas
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Oncology is the study of:
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tumors
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A term meaning not cancerous is:
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benign
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The medical term meaning new growth is:
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neoplasm
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Choose the correct spelling of the term for a tumor of the lymphatic tissue.
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lymphoma
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If cancer cells appear only at the original site and have not invaded the organ of origin, it is called:
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CIS (cancer in situ)
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Malignant tumors that arise from plasma cells in the bone marrow are:
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myelomas
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Choose the correct spelling of the term for a cancer-causing agent.
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carcinogen
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The abnormal increase in the number of cells in tissue is:
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hyperplasia
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A system of determining how much a cancer has spread from its original site is:
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staging
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Grading is measured from well differentiated to undifferentiated for most cancers in grades from:
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I-IV (1-4)
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The N in TNM staging stands for:
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number of lymph NODES
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The M in TNM staging stands for:
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metastasis (note correct spelling)
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Build a term for the production of cancer.
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carcin/o + -genesis
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A characteristic of malignant tumors is that they:
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do not resemble tissue of origin
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Which of the following is a type of urinary cancer
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nephroblastoma
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A benign neoplasm of the integumentary system is a:
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dermatofibroma
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A characteristic of benign tumors is that they:
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seldom recur after excision
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A malignant neoplasm of the nervous system is:
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glioblastoma multiforme
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A cancer of the connective tissue of the musculoskeletal system is:
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rhabdomyosarcoma
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The medical term for wasting is:
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cachexia
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An example of a benign tumor is a(n):
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osteoma
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A cancer of the urinary system is a:
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Wilms tumor
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Teratomas are most common in the female breast. (T or F)
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F
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A malignant growth of the female reproductive system is:
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endometrial carcinoma
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A benign smooth muscle tumor is a:
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leiomyoma
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Choose the correct term for a benign growth of skeletal muscle.
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rhabdomyoma
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A patient with cervical dysplasia has a(n) _____ growth.
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abnormal
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An astrocytoma is a benign tumor of the nervous system. (T or F)
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true
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Which of the following is NOT a malignancy?
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thymoma
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Choose the correct spelling of the term for a benign tumor of blood vessels.
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hemangioma
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Cardiac myxosarcoma is a malignant growth of the:
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heart
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Fibrocystic changes in the _____ is a benign neoplasm of the female reproductive system.
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breast
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A polyp most commonly appears as a _____ neoplasm of the _____ system.
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benign, gastrointestinal
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Prayer, massage, exercise, and mind-body techniques are examples of:
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complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques
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A breast cancer patient has a procedure to remove her cancerous tumor and lymph nodes, which is called a(n):
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en block resection
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A breast cancer patient has her breast, lymph nodes, and muscles under the breast removed. This procedure is called a(n):
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radical mastectomy
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Choose the correct spelling of the term for cancer treatment that involves the circulation of cancer-destroying medicine.
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chemotherapy
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A diagnostic imaging procedure that allows for the determination of the size, shape, location, and blood supply of a tumor is:
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computed tomography
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Removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes is termed:
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biopsy
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Using the body's own defense system to attack cancer cells is:
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immunotherapy
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Which increased levels may indicate liver or testicular (germ cell) cancer?
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AFP
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The use of cancer-destroying medicine throughout the body is:
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chemotherapy
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The American Cancer Society has published skin cancer detection criteria called:
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the ABCDE rule
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Which of these medications stimulate the cells of the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells?
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interleukins
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A breast cancer patient has a procedure to remove a cancerous tumor from her breast. This procedure is a(n):
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lumpectomy
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A breast cancer patient has her cancerous breast removed, which is called a(n):
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simple mastectomy
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Which of the following is used to determine the stage of breast cancer?
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CA15-3
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Therapy using radiation placed near or directly on the cancer through the use of needles or beads containing radioactive gold, cobalt, or radium is:
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brachytherapy
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A type of treatment that requires a matching donor to allow the patient to produce healthy blood cells is:
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BMT
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A radiographic imaging procedure to detect early breast cancer is:
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mammography
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This substance is present in the urine of patients with bladder cancer.
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BTA
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Which term refers to an abnormal formation?
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dysplasia
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Malignant tumors derived from bone marrow are:
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leukemias
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A rare type of pleural cancer resulting from exposure to asbestos is:
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mesothelioma
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A malignant tumor that contains large spindle cells of smooth muscle is called a(n):
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leiomyosarcoma
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Your patient is diagnosed with ___, which is a benign neoplasm of the adrenal medulla.
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pheochromocytoma
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The term ___ in your patient's diagnostic report suggests malignant tumors derived from bone marrow.
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leukemia
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A tumor characterized as T1N2M0 has moved beyond its site of origin. (T or F)
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F
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Choose the correct spelling of the term for a type of urinary cancer.
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nephroblastoma
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A benign neoplasm of the integumentary system is a(n):
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dermatofibroma
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What is the term for a malignant tumor that is composed of different kinds of tissue, none of which normally occur together or at the site of the tumor?
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teratoma
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Which of the following is a slow-growing malignant epithelial tumor, frequently found in the lungs and skin?
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squamous cell carcinoma
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Which of the following is a malignancy of the male reproductive system?
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seminoma
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An astrocytoma is a benign tumor of the _____ system.
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nervous
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Which of the following is a benign tumor found in blood vessels?
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hemangioma
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The abbreviation for the therapeutic procedure that uses high-dosage radiation delivered via a beam that can change its dosage and shape is:
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IMRT
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A targeted radiation therapy that uses digital diagnostic imaging and specialized software to treat tumors without damaging surrounding tissue is called:
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three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy
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The goal of this cancer treatment is to destroy the nuclei of cancer cells, thereby destroying the cells' ability to reproduce and spread:
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radiotherapy
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Levels of this are elevated in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphatic leukemia:
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B2M
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The American Cancer Society created the acronym CAUTION, which lists general criteria for detecting cancer. The letter C stands for:
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changes in bowel or bladder habits
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Which of the following is a tumor marker for the recurrence of breast cancer?
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CA27-29
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A radiographic imaging procedure used in a guided breast biopsy:
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stereotactic mammography
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