Chapter 16 Biology – Flashcards
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During the voyage Charles Darwin explored the Galapagos islands and noticed the same species have different adaptations in places.
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Describe the voyage of the HMS Beagle.
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Each species of finch that natively inhabited the islands held different characteristics that were all different from each other. Same species; same family
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What unusual information did Darwin collect about the Galapagos finches on his voyage?
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Charles noticed that each species has the same ancestor but they evolve to adapt over time so they can live longer.
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What observations did Darwin make about species during his travel?
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Darwin saw that all species are connected and closely related and evolved from one another.
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What did Darwin's travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living species?
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He noticed that the birds had different beaks in different parts of the island. He also noticed that tortises have different shells depending where they are.
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How did tortises and birds differ amond the islands of the Galapagos?
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Hutton: Rocks on earth slowely formed making earth a few year old Lyell: enough time for earth to change
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State how Hutton and Lyell described geological change.
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Proposed that by selective use of disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their life time.
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Identify how Lamarck thought specues evolve.
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If population growth continues unchecked, populations will soon run out of space and food.
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Describe Malthus's theory of population growth.
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An acquired trait is one which an individual acquires during his/her life time.
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What is meant by acquired trait?
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By them having webbed feet their feet helped push the water behind.
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What did Lamarck think had caused the webbed feet for water birds?
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Lamarcks idea of acquired traits was rejected.
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Was Lamarck's idea of acquired traits proven or rejected?
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When Darwin sailed on the Beagle, he had a copy of Lyell's "Principle of Geography".
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What books did Darwin read that influenced his ideas when he sailed on the Beagle? Who were the authors?
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Food, Space, pretty much dependent limiting factors meaning anything that is caused when a population gets to large.
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According to Malthus, what factors limted population growth?
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That human population is going to decrease over the years because not enought food resources would sustain us to live and reproduce.
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What ideas did Malthus give Darwin?
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a) wasnt published for couple decades after return for fear of public reaction b) 1858 essay by Alfred R. Wallace shared ideas on evolution c) 1859 Darwin published book
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List events leading to Darwin's publication of On the Origin of Species.
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Humans choose from amoung the naturally occuring varitaions in species.
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Describe how natural variation is used in artifical selcetion.
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Darwin called natural selection survival of the fittest because those that could survive would carry their species on their for being naturally selected.
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Explain how natural selection is related to species' fitness.
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1. Fossil record 2. Geographic distribution of living species 3. Homologus body structures 4. Similates in Early Development
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Identify evidence Darwin used to present his case for evolution.
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Nature is going to choose the traits that are best for the environment and the organisms with those characteristics they will survive.
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State Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Evolution
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Charles Darwin's idea of how species change over time is called what?
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Humans can choose from among the naturally occuring variations species.
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Explain natural Selection.
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Alfred R Wallace
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What other scientist came up with this same idea about evolution?
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The Origin of Species
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What was the name of the book that Darwin published with his ideas about evoultion?
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Darwin saw that someone was also going to publish a book so he did first to get recognition.
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What forces Darwin to move ahead and publish his ideas?
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1) the theory of evolution 2) the theories of natural selection
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State 2 theories that sum up Darwin's ideas about evoultion and natural selection.
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The key of evolution is adaptation; adaptation occurs so you can adapt to your surroundings.
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What is the key to evoultion?
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Evoultion also needs gentic variations.
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After the key of evoultion is in place, what is also necessary?
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Galapagos finches are examples of descent with modification when it comes to Darwin's theory of natural selection.
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Darwin's theory stated that all the Galapagos finches had descended from what?
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1) natural selection 2) non-genetic changes
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How do populations of organisims adapt to their environment?
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Fitness means to survive and reproduce against their conspecifics.
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What is meant by fitness?
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Homologus Structures are something that has four limbs. ex: dogs, cats and bears
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What are Homologus Structures and give an example?
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Analogous sturcture is a structure of different species having similer or corresponding function byt not from the same species.
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What are analogous structures and give an example?
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Homologus structures as an analogus structure arise from similer environmental challenges rather than two common of ancestry.
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Which structures, homologous or analogous, show that organisms are more closely related?
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Vestigal structures refer to an organ or part which is greatly reduced from its origianl ancestral from and is no longer funtional or is reduced or altered function.
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What are cestigal structures and give and example?
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Some populations can change quickly because of artifical selection in which humans make things happen.
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Do populations change quickly of slowly? explain.
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We all evolve over time to help us live longer.
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Do individuals evolve?
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yes, populations grow more food and animals to eat.
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Do populations evolve?
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Natural Selection
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The theory of evolution by natural selection explains, in scientific terms, how living things evolove over time. What is being selected in this process?
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