Chapter 15 – Respiratory System – Flashcards
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Both inspiration and expiration require active engagement of the diaphragm and the rib muscles. True or False?
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False
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Oxygen in the lungs diffuses from the capillary walls to enter the alveolar walls. True or False?
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False
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In an average adult, only about 1/3 of the air actually reaches the alveoli. True or False?
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False
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The symptoms of laryngitis include a severe sore throat, high fever, and white patches on the throat. True or False?
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False
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You should treat the common cold with antibiotics to shorten the duration of symptoms. True or False?
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False
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Most respiratory infections are caused by viruses and can successfully be treated with antibiotics. True or False?
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False
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Almost all of the disorders of the respiratory system are due to infectious diseases. Those that are not infectious are mostly likely inherited diseases. True or False?
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False
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Cystic Fibrosis has a genetic cause. True or False?
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True
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If a person has chronic bronchitis, will they cough up mucous? True or False?
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True
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An infection with Mycobacterium can cause tubercles in the lungs. True or False?
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True
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The majority of cases of lung cancer are associated with smoking. True or False?
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True
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Blood in the pulmonary capillaries has a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air. True or False?
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True
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A pressurized airplane cabin and an oxygen tent over a patient in a hospital both address the need of a person for oxygen. How do these compare?
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The oxygen tent increases concentration of O2 while the airplane maintains total air pressure without changing concentrations.
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If a lung is punctured in a car accident, that lobe fails to inflate even though there is no obstruction of the air passageway to that lobe. Why?
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When the chest volume expands, air can now rush in through the puncture without filling the alveoli.
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Sarah comes home from school with a horrible pressure behind her eyes. Her nose is running and she has a headache. She recently had a cold. What is Sarah most likely suffering from?
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sinusitis
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Which of the following is an upper respiratory tract disease? ( ) pharyngitis ( ) acute bronchitis ( ) asthma ( ) pneumonia ( ) cystic fibrosis
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pharyngitis
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Which disease has an allergic cause? ( ) otitis media ( ) laryngitis ( ) asthma ( ) pneumonia ( ) emphysema
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asthma
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Which of the following diseases make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? ( ) emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma ( ) emphysema, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis ( ) chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, and pulmonary fibrosis ( ) tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and asthma ( ) pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis
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emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma
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A lung disease caused by bacteria which become encapsulated is called
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tuberculosis.
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Many lung ailments are "not curable but treatable." Which is more curable? ( ) advanced lung cancer with metastases ( ) standard tuberculosis ( ) asthma ( ) emphysema ( ) COPD
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standard tuberculosis
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Which of the following diseases is caused by exposure to particles inhaled primarily in the workplace (silica, coal dust, etc.)? ( ) emphysema ( ) pneumonia ( ) rheumatic fever ( ) tuberculosis ( ) pulmonary fibrosis
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pulmonary fibrosis
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In which disease of the lungs do the lungs fill with thick fluid? ( ) pharyngitis ( ) sinusitis ( ) emphysema ( ) tuberculosis ( ) pneumonia
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pneumonia
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Which of the following treatments can cure lung cancer? ( ) pneumonectomy ( ) steroids ( ) antibiotics ( ) mucous-thinning drugs ( ) tracheotomy
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pneumonectomy
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Carbonic anhydrase ( ) is a digestive enzyme. ( ) is dissolved in plasma. ( ) speeds up the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water. ( ) speeds up the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen. ( ) speeds up the conversion of oxyhemoglobin.
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speeds up the conversion of CARBONIC ACID to carbon dioxide and water.
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Trace the path of an inhaled air molecule. ( ) nasal cavity → glottis → larynx → trachea → pharynx → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli ( ) nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → glottis → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli ( ) nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli ( ) nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchioles → bronchi → alveoli ( ) nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → trachea → larynx → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
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nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli {NC-P-G-L-T-Bi-Bs-A}
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Which portion of the respiratory tract is commonly referred to as the "throat"? ( ) pharynx ( ) larynx ( ) glottis ( ) trachea ( ) epiglottis
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pharynx
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Which respiratory organ normally allows both air and food passage? ( ) bronchi ( ) trachea ( ) larynx ( ) pharynx ( ) nasal cavity
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pharynx
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Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the
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epiglottis.
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The Adam's apple is actually a part of the
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larynx.
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Which point in Figure 15.1 (from book page 278) produces sound when air passes through it? ( ) 1 (epiglottis) ( ) 2 (larynx) ( ) 3 (trachea) ( ) 4 (bronchus) ( ) 5 (bronchiole)
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2 (larynx)
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The vocal cords are found in the
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larynx.
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A voice changes from high to low pitch in speaking by
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changing the TENSION on the VOCAL CORDS.
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Which part of the respiratory system is composed of C-shaped cartilaginous rings and cilia?
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trachea
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After the trachea, what is the next structure the air passes through?
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bronchi
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From the inside of the lungs, what is the first cell type the air must pass through to reach the blood?
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simple squamous epithelium
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You are looking at a structure in the respiratory tract that is filled with small sacs or air pockets. What structure are you looking at?
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alveoli
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What keeps the alveoli open so that gas exchange can take place?
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surfactant
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Why does the surface of the lungs need to be covered with pleura?
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to enable the lungs to slide past the internal chest wall and diaphragm
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In humans, the lungs are caused to inflate when the
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rib muscles and diaphragm CONTRACT.
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Compared to outside air, describe the air that reaches the lungs.
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WARMER and with MORE moisture
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The entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs is called
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ventilation.
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The maximum volume of air that can be moved in plus the maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath is the
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vital capacity.
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When we are relaxed, only a small amount of air moves in and out with each breath. This is called
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tidal volume.
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What components does respiration include? ( ) only the exchange of oxygen in the lungs ( ) exchange of gases in the lungs and in the tissues ( ) only the exchange of oxygen in the tissues ( ) only exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs ( ) only the exchange of carbon dioxide in the tissues
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exchange of gases in the lungs and in the tissues
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The breathing rate is controlled by chemoreceptors that detect ( ) levels of oxygen in the alveolar air space. ( ) levels of oxygen in the blood. ( ) levels of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air space. ( ) levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. ( ) level of stretching of the rib muscles and diaphragm.
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levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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Phillip is breathing at approximately 40 ventilations per minute. What is the respiratory center indicating? ( ) low oxygen concentration in the lungs ( ) high carbon dioxide concentration in the blood ( ) low oxygen concentration in the blood ( ) the firing of the intercostal nerves ( ) stretch receptors in the alveolar walls
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high carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
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Which part of the respiratory system will have the least amount of cartilage and the thinnest walls? ( ) larynx ( ) trachea ( ) bronchi ( ) bronchioles ( ) pharynx
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bronchioles
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The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at which location in Figure 15.1 (from book page 278)? ( ) 1 (epiglottis) ( ) 2 (larynx) ( ) 3 (trachea) ( ) 4 (bronchus) ( ) 5 (bronchiole)
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5 (bronchiole)
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The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood occurs by the process of
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diffusion.
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The type of respiration in which gases are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid is termed
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internal respiration.
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Oxygen is transported in blood most efficiently by
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combining with hemoglobin.
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Blood richest in oxygen is found in the
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pulmonary veins.
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Aortic and carotid bodies are
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sensitive to oxygen changes.
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The highest carbon dioxide concentration will be found in (or at) the
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tissue cells.
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Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the plasma is in the form of
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bicarbonate ions.
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What happens to the blood pH if a person hyperventilates?
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the pH will increase
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What happens if you hyperventilate?
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The pH of the blood increases.
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What happens to the pH of the bloodstream if a person hypoventilates? ( ) the pH of the blood will decrease ( ) the pH of the blood will increase ( ) the pH of the blood will initially increase and then dramatically decrease ( ) the pH of the blood will initially decrease and then dramatically increase ( ) nothing will happen to the pH of the blood
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the pH of the blood will DECREASE
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By what route does CO2 leave the body? ( ) pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchus → bronchiole → trachea → pharynx → larynx ( ) pulmonary vein → bronchiole → alveolus → bronchus → trachea → pharynx → larynx ( ) pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea → larynx → pharynx ( ) pulmonary vein → alveolus → bronchus → bronchiole → trachea → larynx → pharynx ( ) pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea → pharynx → larynx
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pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea → larynx → pharynx {PA-A-Biole-Bus-T-L-P}
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How does expired air compare with inspired air? ( ) Expired air contains less oxygen but more carbon dioxide. ( ) Expired air contains less oxygen and less carbon dioxide. ( ) Expired air contains more oxygen and more carbon dioxide. ( ) Expired air contains more oxygen but less carbon dioxide. ( ) Expired and inspired air contain the same amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Expired air contains LESS OXYGEN but MORE CARBON DIOXIDE.
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A short while after a person has died, a "gasp" of air may occur as the lungs collapse. This flow would represent the
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residual volume.
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Which of the following symptoms would NOT be typical of otitis media? ( ) pain ( ) sense of fullness in the ear ( ) hearing loss ( ) headache ( ) dizziness
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headache
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Which association is NOT correct? ( ) larynx—voice box ( ) trachea—windpipe ( ) alveoli—gas exchange ( ) pharynx—vocal cords ( ) hair and mucus—nasal passages
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pharynx—vocal cords
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Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe air movement along the respiratory tract? ( ) Cilia and hairs in the nose help to screen out foreign particles in the air. ( ) Food and air both enter the pharynx, presenting a potential danger to respiration. ( ) Air reaching the lungs has been warmed to body temperature by passage through the nose and upper respiratory system. ( ) The glottis is the passageway through the larynx by which air enters the trachea. ( ) The bronchi serve as passageways into the trachea.
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The bronchi serve as passageways into the trachea.
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Which is NOT a major function of the respiratory tract? ( ) warming incoming air before it reaches the lungs ( ) moistening incoming air ( ) filtering out dust and water particles ( ) conducting air with higher O2 to lungs and conducting air with higher CO2 back out ( ) transferring and extracting nutrients
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transferring and extracting nutrients
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Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the normal mechanism of ventilation? ( ) There must be a continuous column of air from the pharynx to the alveoli. ( ) The lungs must lie within a sealed-off thoracic cavity. ( ) The inner and outer pleural membranes must be separated by a thin film of fluid. ( ) The intrapleural pressure must be greater than the atmospheric pressure. ( ) The diaphragm, when contracted, will be lowered.
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The intrapleural pressure must be greater than the atmospheric pressure.
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Which is NOT a correct association of respiratory problems and symptoms? ( ) laryngitis—inflammation of the larynx that causes hoarseness or loss of voice ( ) tonsillitis—inflammation of the uvula often cured by removal of the useless tissue ( ) otitis media—ear pain due to bacterial infection of the middle ear ( ) sinusitis—pain and tenderness in lower forehead and over the cheeks ( ) pharyngitis—infection of the throat
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tonsillitis—inflammation of the uvula often cured by removal of the useless tissue
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Which is NOT a correct association of lower respiratory problems and causes or symptoms? ( ) chronic bronchitis—ongoing inflammation and possible infection of bronchi with loss of cilia ( ) pulmonary fibrosis—loss of lung elasticity due to breathing silica, coal dust, asbestos, etc. ( ) emphysema—reduced lung and chest volume due to collapsed alveoli and over ventilation ( ) pulmonary tuberculosis—a bacterial infection that the body tries to isolate and seal off ( ) Pneumocystis carinii—pneumonia caused by a protozoan in absence of a healthy immune system
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emphysema—reduced lung and chest volume due to collapsed alveoli and over ventilation
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Scientific studies have shown that which of the following is NOT associated with smoking? ( ) increased risk of lung cancer ( ) increased severity of allergies ( ) increased risk of ulcers ( ) increased risk of stroke ( ) increased risk of diabetes
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increased risk of diabetes
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Imagine you are trying to fit down an isle at the local store that is filled with boxes. In order to squeeze between two stacks of boxes you need to "suck it in". Which of the following descriptions best explains why "sucking it in" is NOT the best way to fit through a tight space? ( ) While sucking it in, your diaphragm contracts and moves down causing the lung volume to increase. This causes the rib cage to move up and out, making your chest larger. ( ) While sucking it in, your diaphragm contracts and moves upward causing the lung volume to increase. This causes the rib cage to move up and out, making your chest larger. ( ) While sucking it in, your diaphragm contracts and moves down causing the lung volume to decrease. This causes the rib cage to move up and out, making your chest larger. ( ) While sucking it in, your diaphragm contracts and moves down causing the lung volume to increase. This causes the rib cage to move down and out, making your chest larger. ( ) While sucking it in, your diaphragm contracts and moves upward causing the lung volume to increase. This causes the rib cage to move down and out, making your chest larger.
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While sucking it in, your diaphragm contracts and moves DOWN causing the lung volume to INCREASE. This causes the rib cage to move UP and OUT, making your chest larger.
