question

Your textbook refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as

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Health

question

An individual determines whether or not he or she is healthy based on

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the basis of criteria established by themselves, relatives, friends, co-workers, and medicl practitioners

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The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective?

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Functionalist perpsective

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Which sociologist developed the concept of the sick role?

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Talcott Parsons

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Talcott Parsons believed physicians function as __________ for the sick role by verifying a patient's condition as illness or designating the patient as recovered.

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gatekeepers

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Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggests that the doctor-patient relationship is somewhat like that between

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parent and a child

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Summarize criticisms of the functionalist view of the sick role:

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social change for disreguarding the crucial significance of change that is need to correct social injustices and inequalities

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Sociologist Eliot Freidson has likened the position of medicine "to that of state religions of yesterday," primarily because it has

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an officially approved monopoly of the right to define health and illness and to treat health and illness

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Which sociological perspective suggests that the term "medicalization of society" refers to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control?

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Conflict perspective

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The medicalization of society refers to

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the growing role of medicine as a majo institution of social control.

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Which theoretical perspective views medicine as a form a of social control?

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Conflict perspective

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The immigration of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians to the U.S. who are desperately needed in their home countries is referred to as

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brain drain

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Just as police and judges can define certain people as criminal, so can health care professionals define who is "sick." This power is described by which theoretical perspective?

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Interactionalist perspective

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List three disorders which have been labeled as medically recognized disorders:

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premenstrual syndrome, posttraumatic disorders, and hyperactivity

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In what year did the American Psychiatric Association vote to drop homosexuality from the standard manual on mental disorders?

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1974

question

Which sociological perspective would emphasize that inequalities in healthcare have clear life-and- death consequences for some due to the unequal distribution of resources?

answer

Conflict perspective

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In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on microlevel study of the roles played by healthcare professionals and patients?

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Interactionalist perspective

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Social epidemiology is defined as the

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the study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population.

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Polio is a disease that was almost eradicated, but there are still new cases that appear due to the failure to immunize all children. Researchers keep close tabs on how many new cases of this disease occur each year in the hope that it will soon cease to exist. This enumeration is an example of

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social epidemiology

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Prevalence refers to:

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the total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time

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Morbidity rates are:

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when disease incidence figures are presented as rates

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Mortality rates are:

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the incidence of death in a given populations

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Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and IV drug users, are comparatively powerless?

answer

Conflict perspective

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The fear of contracting AIDS probably has led to changes in sexual behavior in the U.S. among both homosexuals and heterosexuals. Which sociological perspective would focus on these changes in sexual relationships?

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Interactionalist perspective

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Which area in the world contains the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS?

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Africa

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Which classical theorist would argue that capitalist societies such as the U.S. care more about maximizing profits than they do about the health and safety of industrial workers?

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Karl Marx

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Mexican Americans may interpret their illnesses according to traditional practices and seek treatment in the form of curanderismo, which refers to

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a form of holistic health care and healing

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Approximately what percentage of Hispanics rely upon home remedies?

answer

20

question

What percent of U.S. citizens ages 65 and over are afflicted by Alzheimer's disease?

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13

question

In what year did the American Medical Association begin attacking "lay" doctors and institutionalized their authority through standardized programs of education and licensing?

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1848

question

By the 1920s, physicians controlled

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Hospital technology, Division of labor of health personnel, Other professional practices such as nursing and pharmacy

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Which psychiatrist stated that nurses are to perform their duties without challenging the authority of male doctors, a process referred to as "the doctor-nurse game?"

answer

Lenord Stein

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Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics?

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Holistic medicine

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An NIH-sponsored national survey performed in 2002 and 2007 revealed what percentage of adults used some form of alternative medicine including prayer?

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80

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In what year did the U.S. government enact both Medicare and Medicaid - two national healthcare programs receiving federal funding?

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1965

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How many years did it take for Medicare to become so expensive that the federal government introduced a price-control system?

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17

question

Which area of study is concerned with the interrelationships among people in their spatial setting and physical environment?

answer

Human ecology

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Human ecology stresses how best to balance

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people and the environment.

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Each year, how many acres of Brazilian rainforest are cleared for crops and livestock?

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5.7 million

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Allan Schnaiberg suggests a capitalist system creates a ______________ because of its inherent need to build ever-expanding profits.

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treadmill of production

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A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards is referred to as

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Enviornmental justice

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Erin Brockovich, a movie that features Julia Roberts, examines a true life event that revolves around environmental pollution in a working-class community by a major utility corporation that was apparently unconcerned about the long-term effects of the pollution on community residents. This movie illustrates the sociological concept of

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Environmental justice

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The abbreviation NIMBY stands for

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Not in my back yard

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Non-whites and Latinos make up __ percent of the people in the U.S. who live within one mile of dangerous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.

answer

43

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Skeptics often argue that minorities move close to environmentally dangerous facilities because

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the price of lving is less in industrial districts

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A significant rise in the earth's surface temperatures can cause

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an increase in the likelihood of wildfires, shrinkage lakes and rivers, and produce torrential downpours including typhoons.

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190 countries, but not the U.S., have signed the _____________ intended to reduce global emissions of heat-trapped gases.

answer

Kyoto Protocol

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sees the pressure from world population growth as the central factor in environmental deterioration?

answer

Paul and Anne Ehrlich

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Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change?

answer

Conflict perspecitve

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