Chapter 15-16 – Flashcards
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According to humanists, what was the goal of all education?
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To benefit the public good
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According to the Dutch humanist Erasmus, what was the key to moral improvement?
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Education
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As Holy Roman emperor, Charles V inherited authority over diverse lands and viewed it as his particular duty to keep what unified?
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Western Christendom
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Before he became a printer, Johann Gutenberg belonged to what profession and used its skill for his printing?
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Metal-smith
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Early humanists sought to synthesize classical teachings with which of the following?
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Christian beliefs
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France's Charles VII created the first
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permanent royal army
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Henry VIII of England and Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain used similar moves to diminish the power of which of the following groups?
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Aristocrats and nobles
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Humanist and Renaissance ideas of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were spread by what new technology?
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Printing press
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Martin Luther's "Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences" was a response to which of the following?
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The local archbishop's promotion of the sale of indulgences
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Petrarch and other humanist poets and writers sought to reconnect with the culture and texts of what earlier society?
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The Roman Empire
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Protestants differed from Catholics by insisting what about the priesthood?
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That it belonged to all believers
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What happened to the last Arab-held territory in western Europe in 1492?
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It was captured by the Spanish.
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What was an important factor in the emergence of the Italian Renaissance?
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The rise of wealthy, urban patrons of the arts
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What was founded by Ignatius Loyola?
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The Society of Jesus, or Jesuits
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What was the Edict of Nantes?
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A declaration that granted the Huguenots the right to public worship in 150 French towns
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Which of the following helped form Luther's understanding of Christianity as relying only on faith, grace, and Scripture?
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His study of Saint Paul's letters in the New Testament
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By 1500, Portugal controlled the flow of what lucrative product to Europe?
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African gold
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By the mid-sixteenth century, what empire had established control over eastern Mediterranean routes to trading centers in Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and the rest of North Africa?
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Ottoman
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The Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan was aided by what disease?
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Smallpox
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What did the encomienda system, established by the Spanish crown, allow Spaniards to do?
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Exact tribute and forced labor from the native people on a particular piece of land
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What event occurred in the Byzantine Empire in the late fifteenth century that limited Europe's access to spices from the East?
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Ottoman armies conquered Constantinople and took control of trade routes to the East.
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What killed most of the African slaves who died on the voyage to the Americas?
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Dysentery
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What was the major trade commodity of the trans-Saharan trade route?
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Gold
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What was the most significant error of Ptolemy's Geography?
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He was unaware of the Americas and underestimated the earth's size.
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Who had the most advanced economy in the world before the eighteenth century?
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China
