Chapter 14: Europe And New World PART 2/3 – Flashcards
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what were the two countries in late 15th century colonization?
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spain and portugal
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what were the 17th century colonization?
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first was dutch then french and english
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the rivalry between the countries was apparent where?
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africa, asia, americas
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the primary objective of Portuguese exploration was what?
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to find a route to the spice islands
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now the portuguese saw profits where?
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in africa itself
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portuguese built forts on coasts to dominate in what?
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gold
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which group seized these forts on the West African coast and took control of Portuguese trade on Indian Ocean?
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dutch
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what was the 1602 trading company that set a settlement at Cape of Good Home?
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Dutch East India Company
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what did the Dutch East India Co. provide at the base?
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provided food and other provisions to Dutch ships on their way to spice islands
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who were the Dutch farmers who began to settle in places outside the city of Cape Town?
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boers
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what africans glt affected by the slave trade?
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coastal africans. they were shipped to europe and new world
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was slavery in africa practiced in ancient times?
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yes
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how were slaves used in the 1400s in the middle east?
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domestic servants
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how were slaves in europe used as?
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household help or agricultural workers
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how were the first slaves usedin portugal?
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rich families
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what drastically changed the domestic slaves' role?
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discovery of sugarcane in S. America snd carribean
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when was cane sugar first introduced?
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from middle east during crusades
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at the end of the 1400s portuguese set up sugar plantations on an island where?
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off central coast of africa
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when did they start setting up plantations on carribean and brazil?
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1500s
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what was the two things that were problematic with the carribean?
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needed more than sick indians and bad climate
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what year did they send slaves to americas?
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1518
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what 3 places did triangular trade take place?
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europe, africa, and america
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europe sent what three things to africa?
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guns, gin, cloth
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what did africa send?
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slaves to america to be sold
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what did america send to europe?
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tobacco, molasses, sugar, rum, coffee, and raw cotton
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how many africans were sent between the 16th and 19th century?
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10,000,000
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what was the journey of slaves from africa to america?
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middle passage
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why did they want the africans to have kids?
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to build immunity to diseases
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how did the local african rulers view slave trade?
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as a source of income
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where did they take africans from?
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defenseless villages
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who made up the african middlemen who sold slaves?
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merchants, elites, and rulers
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the importation of cheap manufactured goods from europe sent what two groups into poverty?
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local cotton insudtries families
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what was a major effect on africa?
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depopulation
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what caused war and violence among African chiefs with guns?
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the need for a constant number of slaves
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did europeans care about the affects in africa?
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nope
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what was a west african society that was brilliant and creative but was destroyed by slave trade?
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Benin
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what were the four major things that happened in Benin?
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loss of population more war lost faith in gods human sacrifice
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what was the view on slaves in europe?(1 word)
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inferior
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who were the first group to criticize slaves in the 1700s?
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Society of Friends (Quaker)
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what happened in the 1790s that got rid of slaves in france?
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French Revoltion
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what two things did portugal lack to colonize asia?
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numbers and wealth
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where did the spanish set up a new colonization?
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in philipines where magellan landed
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what did spain take to mexico and what did they bring back?
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brought silk to mexico and brought back silver
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what did the dutch and english have that the spanish didnt?
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money
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who took portuguese forts in Moluccas and pushed the portuguese out of slave trade?
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dutch
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what two places did the dutch occupy in 1641?
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ceylon and Malacca
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who were the dutch also aggressive towards?
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the english
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what two areas of control did the Dutch consolidate over?
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political and military
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where did the dutch go inland?
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Java
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where did the dutch east india trading co. establish pepper plantations that brought profit in amsterdam?
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on java and sumatra
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why did the arrival of europeans not impact southeast asia?
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strong monarchies of Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam
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what happened to the europeans in asia?
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got driven out
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what happened in vietnam over the issue of expansion?
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civil war- north vs south
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why did french missionaries get kicked out of Vietnam?
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they were "a threat" to Vietnamese emperor
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spice trade led the europeans to what?
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rule the sources of the spices
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India was divided into what two kingdoms when portuguese landed in calicut in 1498?
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Hindu and Muslim kingdoms
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there was a new unity under who?
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Muhgals
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the founders of the Muhgal were of what?
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Ganges River valley
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who was Babur?
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the founder of the Mughals who was a son of a Khana nd a Mongol conqueror
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who was Babur's grandson who brought Muhgal rule to most of India?
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Akbar
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what did 1650 trading ports at Surat, Fort Williams, and Madras show?
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English prescence in India
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from Madras, English traded what?
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Indian-made cotton goods for spices
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the Dutch went for spice trade while the french did what?
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1. established forts 2. took British fort at Madras
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who was the English empire-builder shl became the chief representative of the East India Company?
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Robert Clive
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what (having to do with the french) helped the British get saved?
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the french refusal of financially supporting trade. french restricted to Pondicherry.
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clive consolidated British control where?
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bengal
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what happened atthe 1757 Battle of Plassey?
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British defeated a large Muhgal-led army
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because the british won at the Battle of Plassey, what happened?
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British East India Co. could collect taxes from the area around Calcutta
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In 1514 the Portuguese landing in China was the first since what?
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polo arrived there 200 years earlier
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how did the powerful and magnificent china view the mere europeans?
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as barbarians
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to the chinese ruler, rulers of all other countries were considered what?
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"younger brothers" of the chinese emperor
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what was the chinese emperor considered?
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son of Heaven
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which dynasty ruled china for 275 years and led china to a new era of greatness?
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Ming dynasty
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the ming extended china to where?
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Mongolia and central asia
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the Ming made strengthened what and made peace with who?
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stregnthened Great Wall and peace with nomads
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what led Ming to its fall?
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an epidemic
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who led a peasant revolt during the epidemic?
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Li Zicheng
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in 1644 Li and his forces occupied Beijing which caused what?
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the emperor to commit suicide
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who were the northeastern Chinese farming and hunting people who took over after the Ming dynasty?
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Manchus
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what was the new title of the Manchus? what does it mean?
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Qing (Pure)
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who were the two great leaders of Manchu china who led to Manchu greatness?
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Kangxi Qianlong
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what two things led to the downfall of the Qing?
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1. the military campaigns hurt the economy 2. the big population led to not enough land and then peasant revolts
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through the East India Co., england established a trading post where?
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at Canton
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what did Qing do with the British?
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comfined them to an island
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which Britishman wanted less trade restriction and insulted Emperor Qianlong?
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Lord Macarteny
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what saved Japan from anarchy?
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individuals who achieved unification
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who was the shogun jn 1603 and initiated a long-lasting power in Japan?
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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portuguese landing in 1543 made trade with which 3 places?
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japan china southeast Asia
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who was the first successful jesuit to land in Japan?
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Francis Xavier
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the europeans were welcomed at the sight of what 4 things?
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tobacco clocks eyeglasses weapons
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what was the effect on architecture in Japan?
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stone buildings
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why did Tokugawa expel the Christians?
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it got involved with politics
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who, because they didnt mix missionary and trade, got to stay in Nagasak?
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the dutch
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what led to the decline of spain?
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1. drop in silver mines' output 2. poverty of Spanish monarchy
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both portugal and Spain struggled from what 3 groups?
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dutch, english, and french
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which two groups had plantations with African slaves in the west indies making
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tobacco, cotton, coffee, and sugar
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what did they call the sugar plantations?
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"sugar factories"
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who led the first successful slave uprising?
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Saint Domingue
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who said "prescription without possession availeth nothing" about the spanish claiming all of the americas?
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the british
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which group was one of the first to settle in north America?
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Dutch
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when the english made new Netherland into New York, this made what bankrupt?
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Dutch West India Co.
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religious and economic desires in England caused the arise of what?
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english colonies
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what was the first english colony?
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jamestown
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the 13 colonies were under the rule of what 3 things?
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1. British Board of Trade 2. Royal Council 3. Parliament
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which Frenchman in 1534 discovered the St. Lawrence river and made Canada a French possession?
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Jacques Carter
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who in 1608 established a settlement at Quebec and made them want Canada to be a colony?
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Samuel de Champlain
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what 4 things were most commonlh traded in canada?
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furs, leather, fish, and timber
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the small amount of hunters, trappers, missionaries, and explorers caused for what?
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small population
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spain tried to limit all trade to only spanish ships but this failed when?
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french Bourbons became the kings of spain
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what caused the British to take part in Portuguese trade?
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when they were allowed into Brazilian trade
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what was the British entry into Spanish American markets in 1713 called?
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asiento
