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Attribution theory was designed to account for

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How people explain others behavior

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When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of

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The Foot-In-The-Door phenomenon

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If a cluster of people stand gazing upward, passerby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates

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The Chameleon Effect

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In all of Milgram's obedience experiments, participants were deceived about

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The amount of shock the victim actually received

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How does the presence of observers affect a person's performance

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It improves performance on easy tasks and hinders a person's performance on difficult tasks

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Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be

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Even more convinced that the death penalty should be abolished.

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The enduring traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their

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Culture

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Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they

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Unswervingly hold to their own position

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Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good looking and that extremely good looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His believes are examples of

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Sterotypes

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Compared with numerical majorities, numerical minorities, such as Scots in Britain, are especially conscious of their

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Social Identities

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Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of

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Aggresion

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After Manny's father refused to let him use the family car on Friday night, Manny let all the air out of the tires. His action is best explained in terms of the

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Frustration-Aggression Principle

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Vince, an extroverted college freshman, has just moved into a dormitory. Vince is most likely to become friends with

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Bill, his assigned roommate who is majoring in computer science.

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Daisy, who is attractive and likable, has just called Mike and asked him for a date. According to the two-factor theory of emotion, Mike is likely to experience the most intense romantic feelings for Daisy during their phone conversation if he has just

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Completed a series of aerobic exercises.

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Altruism is best defined as

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Behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others

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According to social exchange theory, altruistic is guided by

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Calculations of costs and benefits

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A social trap is a situation in which

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The pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm

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Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purpose of the experience concluded that her behavior

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Reflected her personal dispostion

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Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrates the impact of

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Role-playing on attitudes

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Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard Line. His research was designed to stidy

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Conformity

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In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrates that people are most likely to be destructively confident when

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They perceive their orders to come from legitimate athority figures

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University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought there were three other pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates

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Social Loafing

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The NASA executive who made the final decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger was shielded from information and dissenting views that might have led to a delay of the tragic launch. This best illustrates the dangers of

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Groupthink

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The practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of

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Norms

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Those who feel socially pressured sometimes assert their freedom by doing the opposite of what is socially expected. This best illustrates

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Personal Control

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Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage n

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Discrimination

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Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in own. This best illustrates

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Inrgoup Bias

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Which of the following persons is most clearly acting aggressively

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a)a noisy neighbor who often mows his lawn at 8 am on Saturdays --b)a child who tries to hit another child with a rock c)an assertive salesperson who interrupts your evening meal with a telephone sales pitch d)a careless motorist who accidentally smashes into the fender of a parked car e)a boxer working out alone and practicing her uppercut

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Parents who discipline their children with beating are often teaching aggression through the process of

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Modeling

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What determined whether college freshmen who had been randomly paired for a Welcome Week dance liked each other?

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Physical Attractiveness

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The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as

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Companionate Love

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Which of the following people would be most likely to help Liz study for her history exam?

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a)Liz's older brother who probably had nothing better to do --b)Liz's mother who is excited about the unexpected bonus she just received from her employer c)Liz's father who always points out how differently men and women act d)Liz's younger sister whose boyfriend just canceled their date for the next evening e)Liz's co-worker who stayed late after work to chat with Gina

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Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are

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Reciprocity ad social responsibility

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Noncompetitive contact between members of two different ethnic groups is likely to reduce prejudice when the contact is between individuals with

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Equal Stats

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The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a stanger's

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Act of kindness to a compassionate personality

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When no weapons of mass destruction were found following the invasion of Iraq, some Americans revised their memories of the main rationale for going to war. The text author suggests that we can best explain why people changed their memories in terms of

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Cognitive Dissonance Theory

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Mr. Eriks is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards at a local private school. He personally disagrees with the other committee member's proposed plan to begin accepting students with below-average grades. Mr. Eriks is most likely, however, to vote in favor of the plan if

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The other committee members are unanimous in their opinion

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According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that

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Even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction

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Masked bandits might be more likely than unmasked bandits to physically injure their victims due to

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Deindividuation

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The ill-fated decision of President John F Kennedy and his advisers to invade Cuba best illustrates the dangers of

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Groupthink

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Even though many chairs in the library study are unoccupied, Nathan chose to sit right next to Tiffany. Tiffany is most likely to feel uncomfortable because Nathan has violated her

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Personal Space

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At a conscious level, Dillon does't think he's prejudiced. Yet he automatically feels uncomfortable in situations where he has to interact with people of different races from his own. Dillon's experience best illustrates the distinction between

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Explicit and implicit attitudes

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Mike, a white university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Mike has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. His increasing hostility van be best explained in terms of

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Scapegoat Theory

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Handling and describing a gun has been found to increase _____ in research participants saliva.

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Testosterone

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A significant danger of media violence is that impressionable viewers are subsequently more likely to enact the ___ provided by the media.

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Social Scripts

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Tony, a 15 year old high school sophomore, is physically unattractive. Compared with good-looking students, Tony is more likely to

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Have difficulty making a favorable impression on potential employers

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Natalie is unusually attractive and intelligent, and she works hard to please her husband. He displays little attention for her, however,and spends most of the family's resources on his own interests. Ellie's relationship with her husband is best characterized as

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Inequitable

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Diffusion of responsibility often plays an important role in

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Bystander effect

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After the Sass family accepted their neighbor's invitation to Thanksgiving dinner, Mrs. Sass felt obliged to invite the neighbors to Christmas dinner. Mrs. Sass' sense of obligation most likely resulted from the

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Reciprocity Norm

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Initially, prejudiced heterosexuals are likely to develop more accepting attitudes toward homosexuals following the experience of

answer

Face-to-face contact

CHAPTER 14 AP PSYCH – Flashcards

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