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Anesthesia

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Means without sensation, The absence of sensory awareness or medically induced and consciousness

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Homeostasis

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Maintenance of the body and a balanced physiological state

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Anesthesia care provider

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_____ ______ ______ administers anesthetic agents, preforms monitoring to provide feedback on vital physiological mechanisms, and responds two anesthetic and surgical emergencies

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Altering the patient's level of consciousness by interrupting nerve pathways that transmits and sensation

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Anesthesia is achieved by

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Analgesia

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The absence of pain, produced by specific drugs

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Anesthetic

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A drug that reduces or block sensation or induces unconsciousness

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Anterograde amnesia

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Anesthesia, the patient's inability to recall events that occur after the administration of specific drugs

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Coma

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The deepest state of unconsciousness, in which most brain activity ceases

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Gas Scavenging

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The capture and safe removal of extraneous anesthetic gases from the anesthesia machine

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Perfusion

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circulation of blood to specific tissues, organ, system, or the whole body; is necessary to maintain life in the cells

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Regional block

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Anesthesia specific area of the body, achieved by injection of an anesthetic around a major nerve or group of nerves

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Sensation

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Is the awareness of stimuli

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Consciousness

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Is a state of awareness in which a person is able to sense the environment and respond to it

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Sedation

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A state of consciousness described along a continuum

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Central nervous system depression

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Refers to diminished mental sensory and physical capacity, another way of expressed sedation

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Unconsciousness

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Severe depression of the central nervous system resulting in the inability to respond to external stimuli

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Protective mechanisms

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Swallowing, coughing, blinking, and shivering are examples of _______ _______

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Anesthesiologist

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________ is a medical doctor was specialist training in anesthesia

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Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)

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______ is licensed to deliver anesthesia after achieving a Masters of science degree in nursing and obtaining certification in anesthesia

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Anesthesia assistant

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Assist the anesthesia care provider in tasks that are delegated according to the AAs practice skills, knowledge and techniques under the direction of the supervising anesthesiologist according to state law

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To determine the patient specific medical needs and risk factors for anesthesia based on any history of anesthesia

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Purpose of perioperative assessment regards to anesthesia is

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Anesthesia classification

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A review system in screening for specific conditions reduces the risk of complications related to anesthesia provided the basis of the ______

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Drugs & anesthesia

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A history of poor drug clearance, cardiovascular problems, difficult airway, or drug sensitivity is significant to the choice of ______ & ______ methods under consideration.

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Airway

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Any abnormality of the ______ potential obstruction can create an anesthesia emergency

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Restricted range of motion

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Impaired mobility, skeletal injuries, and other structural problems can result in ____________ during surgical positioning

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Diagnostic testing

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_________ to determine the patient's risk level has been routine for many decades

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ECG, complete blood count, kidney function tests, and Specific electrolyte and blood pH test

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Basic diagnostic tests include

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Preoerative medications

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_______ are documented in the patient's medical and preoperative records, any medication ordered but not yet given may be administered in the holding area as directed by the surgeon or ACP

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Preoperative medications

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__________ are administered as required, historically these were given routinely while the patient was awaiting surgery on the hospital ward

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Preoperative fasting

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___________ is required to minimize aspiration of gastric contents during general anesthesia

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Type of surgery & the patient's age and condition

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Safer and more realistic fasting period is now determined by ______ & ______

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Homeostasis

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The maintenance of physiological balance

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Physiological monitoring

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___________ is the assessment of the patient's vital metabolic functions

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Pulse oximetry

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________ is a digital sensor that detects oxygen saturation and the hemoglobin by spectrometry, this provides a continuous reading, and should read 95% or higher in saturation

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Electrocardiography

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ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart, which is projected into a wave form. Leads are placed on the thorax in a pattern that accurately to text and transmits the electrical impulses of the heart to the monitor

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97° - 98.5°F (36° - 37.5°C)

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Normal body temperature is

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Intraoperative awareness (IOA)

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A rare phenomenon in which the patient retain some degree of consciousness but lacks motor ability

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General anesthesia

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Is reversible loss of consciousness accompanied by the absence of pain, sensory perception, cognition, memory, and autonomic reflexes

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anesthesia machine

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___________ is a complex biochemical device used in patient monitoring, respiratory function, and administration of inhalation anesthetics

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Scavenging system

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The ventilation system that captures escaped gases in the surgical suite

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Intubation

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The process of placing an invasive airway, is a routine procedure during general anesthesia

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Endotracheal tube (ET)

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Is an invasive airway that extends from the mouth to the trachea, it is inserted orally The help of a laryngoscope

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Laryngeal mask (LMA)

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Is inserted without the aid of a Laryngoscope and fits snugly over the larynx, use in patients with difficult airway conditions however does not protect against aspiration

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Oropharyngeal airway (OPA)

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Is inserted over the tounge to prevent the tongue or epiglottis from falling back against the pharynx, commonly used with patients that are semi conscious during the recovery period In general anesthesia

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Nasopharyngeal airway

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Provides a passage between the nostrils and the nasopharynx, is use with semi conscious patients when an OPA causes gagging

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Difficult airway

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___________ is one in which the usual methods of providing ventilation are extremely difficult

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Perioperative team members

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The process of general anesthesia, or preinduction, starts when all _______ _______ _______ our present and preparations to start surgery have been completed

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Induction

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During _________, The patient passes through stages from consciousness to deep surgical anesthesia

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Maintenance

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This phase involves continuation of the anesthetic agent, unconsciousness is maintained with the inhalation agent and adjunct agents

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Emergence

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Termination of anesthesia and the process of regaining consciousness is called _______

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Recovery

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Post anesthesia care is provided in this phase, which ends the clearance of anesthetic drugs from the body

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Conscious sedation

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___________ is used for short diagnostic and minor surgical procedure is that do not require deep Anastasia, patients are monitored continuously throughout the procedure

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Minimal sedation

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Is a state in which the patient can respond to verbal commands

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Regional anesthesia

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Provides reversible loss of sensation in a specific area of the body without affecting consciousness, can be provided to a single nerve, to a group of nerves, or to an entire area of the body

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Monitored anesthesia care

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Is continuous patient monitoring provided during regional anesthesia

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Topical anesthesia

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Is used on mucous membranes and on superficial eye tissue during ophthalmic surgery

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Local infiltration

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Is injection of anesthetic into superficial tissues to produce a small area of anesthesia

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Nerve block

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Provides anesthesia to a specific area of the body supplied by a major nerve or nerve plexus

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Spinal anesthesia

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Juction of anesthetic into the intrathecal space

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Regional block

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Toxic reactions to look lives that it's arise most often during ______ _______ and epidural anesthesia

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Laryngospasm

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Is usually associated with airway secretion or stimulation of the laryngal nerve during intubation or extubation

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Hypovolemic shock

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___________ is caused by degrees vascular volume, heart rate increases initially, and there is widespread vasoconstriction

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Malignant hypothermia

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Where's physiological response to all volatile anesthetic agents and succinylcholine, related to Familial genetics.

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Dantrolene (dantrum)

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Emergency drugs for malignant hypothermia treatment include _______

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Intraoperative cell salvage

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The immediate harvesting of blood on the surgical field and reinfusment into the patient

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