Chapter 13 Vocabulary & Study Guide The Age of Exploration – Flashcards
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Silk Road
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Passed through Muslim territory, making for fewer good and higher prices.
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Prince Henry
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Established in Portugal to teach navigation and sailing.
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Gold Coast
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Where early explorers returned with gold, ivory, and African natives who were sold into slavery.
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Bartholomeu Dias
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He led a Portuguese expedition which reached the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa.
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Vasco de Gama
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He led Portuguese expedition around the cape, stopped at several Muslim ports on the east coast of Africa, and continued to India. He returned with a cargo of spices which earned a massive profit.
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Moluccas
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Spice Isalnds.
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Ferdinand & Isabella
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King and Queen of Spain. Led expedition led by Christopher Columbus to reach Asia by sailing.
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Christopher Columbus
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Led an expedition to reach Asia by sailing west. He landed in Hispaniola and explored Cuba.
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Hispaniola
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Cuba.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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He became the first European to circumnavigate the globe or sail around the world.
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John Cabot
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Explored the New England coastline for England, although England didn't immediately establish colonies.
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Amerigo Vespucci
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He kept a diary about his trip to South America. After it was published in Europe, people began using his name to refer to the New World.
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Caravels
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Allowed sailors to measure the distance between land and their ship.
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Astrolabe
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Navigational aids which allowed sailors to fix their direction and position. when no land was visible.
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Compass
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Navigational aid which allowed sailors to fix their direction and position. When no land was visible.
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"Gold, Glory, & God"
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This was the driving force behind European exploration of the New World.
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Pope Alexander VI
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Alexander VI was born Rodrigo Borja at Játiva, Spain. He studied law at the University of Bologna and first rose to prominence in 1455, when his uncle was elected pope as Calixtus III. Like his uncle, Rodrigo changed his name to Borgia, the Italian form of Borja. When Borgia was 25, his uncle made him a cardinal, and at 26 he became vice chancellor of the papal court, a position he filled competently for 35 years
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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A decree signed in order to avoid war between Spain and Portugal. This divided new lands discovered in the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal. Spain was given rights to all lands west of the line of demarcation, while Portugal could claim all lands to the east.
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Conquistadors
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They were also called conquerors. They followed Columbus hoping to gain wealth, become famous and spread Christianity in the New World.
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Hernan Cortes
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Led an expedetion from Cuba to Mexico to obtain more slaves for Spanish plantations and gold mines. Upon landing in Mexico, he formed alliances with smaller native tribes who feared the Aztecs.
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Montezuma
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Leader of the Aztecs
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Aztecs
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Feared Cortes
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Franciso Pizzaro
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Crushed the dominant native civilization, the Incas.
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Incas
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Ancient Civilization in the Andes Mountains.
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Colombian Exchange
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A reciprocal contact.
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Encomienda system
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A economic and social system to administer Spanish territory in America.
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Peninsulares
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an area of land completely surrounded by water except for an isthmus connecting it with the mainland.
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Criollos
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a person born in Spanish America but of European, usually Spanish, ancestry.
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Mestizos
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a person of mixed percentage of the offspring of a Spanish American and an American Indian.
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Colonies
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where a different nation settles in a foreign country.
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Mercantilism
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Based on the idea that trade remains constant; therefore, a strong, prosperous national economy can only be guaranteed through the accumulation of gold and silver by exporting more than is imported.
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Balance of Trade
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The difference in value of imports and exports.
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Plantations
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Large farming estates, were established in the Americas by Spain, and France.
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Triangle Trade
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Was established between Africa, America, and Europe.
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Middle Passage
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11 million slaves were sent from Africa to the Americas, but thousands died during the journey.
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King Afonso
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Wanted to end slavery.
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Benin
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Country in Africa that was affected greatly by the slave trade.
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Latin America
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Multi racial civilization formed in Central and South America
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Missions
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To educate natives and convert them to Christianity.
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What was the first European Country to begin exploration?
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Portugal
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Name four European nations that established colonies in the New World.
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Italy, Spain, Portugal, and England
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Name two cash crops that were grown on plantations in the New World.
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Sugar and Tobacco
