Chapter 13 – The Urinary System – Flashcards
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cyst/o
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bladder
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glomerul/o
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glomerulus
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-iasis
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suffix meaning "condition" or "state"
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lith/o
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stone
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nephr/o
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kidney
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ren/o
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kidney
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noct/o
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night
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olig/o
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little, few
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poly-
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prefix meaning "much" or "many"
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py/o
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pus
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pyel/o
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pelvis
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ur/o
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urine
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urin/o
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urine
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urecter/o
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ureter
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urethr/o
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urethra
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urologist
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a medical specialist who diagnosis and treats disorders of the urinary system
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urology
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the medical specialty dealing with the urinary system
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nephrologist
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a medical specialist who diagnosis and treats disorders of the kidney
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nephrology
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medical specialty dealing with the kidneys
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perirenal
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a thicker layer layer of fatty tissue of the kidney
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renal fascia
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protective outer covering of the kidney
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hilum
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the indented or narrowest, part of the kidney, where blood vessels and nerves enter
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nephron
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tiny structure within the kidney in which the urine-production process begins
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glomerulus
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capillary network found inside each nephron
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urinate
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to void
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micturition
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to urinate or void
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sphincter
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circular muscle that surrounds a tube such as the urethra and constricts and the when it contracts
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incontinence
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the loss of urinary control
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retention
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the inability to empty the bladder
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catheter
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a flexible tube that enables passage of fluid from or into a body cavity
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cystitis
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inflammation of the bladder, a lower urinary tract infection
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urethritis
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inflammation of the urethra, a lower urinary tract infection
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electrolyte
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electricity-conducting compound in solution
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kidney
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organ that excretes urine
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retroperitoneal
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space between the parietal peritoneum and the muscles and bones of the peritoneum
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urea
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natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine
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ureters
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two tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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urethra
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tube that conducts urine away from the bladder for expulsion
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uric acid
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natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine
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urinary bladder
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temporary storage receptacle for urine
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urinate
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passing of urine
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urine
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water and soluble substances excreted by the kidneys
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void
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to urinate
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albuminuria
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presences of protein in the urine
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anuria
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absence of urine formation
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calculus
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a kidney stone (in the context of this body system)
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BPH
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benign prostatic hypertrophy; enlarged prostate
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BUN
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blood urea nitrogen; a blood test to measure kidney function by the level of nitrogenous waste and urea that is in the blood
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CAPD
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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
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ESRD
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end-stage renal disease
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GFR
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glomerular filtration rate
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IVP
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intravenous pyelogram; contrast is injected into a vein and is excreted by the kidney to show the urinary system
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KUB
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kidneys, ureter, and bladder; also a reference to an x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder taken as a flat plate of the abdomen
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PSA
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prostate-specific antigen
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UA
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urinalysis
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UTI
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urinary tract infection
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cystalgia
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pain in a bladder, most often used to signify the urinary bladder
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cystocele
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hernia of the bladder
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cystolith
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bladder stone
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diuretic
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drug the promotes the excretion of urine
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dysuria
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difficult or painful urination
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enuresis
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bedwetting
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glomerulonephritis
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renal disease characterized by inflammation of glomeruli (not the result of kidney infection)
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glycosuria
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urinary excretion of carbohydrates
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heaturia
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urinary excretion of blood
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nephralgia
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pain in the kidneys
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nephritis
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inflammation of the kidney
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nephrolithiasis
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the presence of renal calculi
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nephromegaly
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enlargement of one or both kidneys; renomegaly
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nephropathy
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any disease of the kidney
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nephroptosis
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prolapse of the kidney
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nocturia
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excessive urination at night
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oliguria
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diminished urine production
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polyuria
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excessive urine production
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pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the renal or kidney pelvis due to local bacteria infection
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pyruia
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pus in the urine
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renal calculus
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a kidney stone
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renal failure
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impairment of renal function, either acute or chronic, with retention of urea, creatinine, and other waste products
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renal hypoplasia
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an underdeveloped kidney
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retention
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the inability to empty the bladder
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uremia
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an excess of urea in the blood
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azotemia
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an excess of urea in the blood
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ureteritis
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inflammation of a ureter
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urethralgia
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pain in the urethra (sometimes also called urethrodynia)
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urethritis
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inflammation of the urethra
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urethrostenosis
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narrowing of the urethra
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ureinary tract infection
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microbial infection of any part of the urinary tact
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cystectomy
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excision of the urinary bladder
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cystopexy
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surgical fixation of the urinary bladder
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cystoscopy
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visual inspection to the bladder by means of an instrument called a cystoscope
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dialysis
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filtration to remove colloidal particles from a fluid; a method of artificial kidney function
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diuretic
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a drug that promotes the excretion of urine
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hemodialysis
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removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane
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lithrotripsy
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treatment in which a stone in the kidney, urethra, or bladder is broken up into small particles
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nephrectomy
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removal of a kidney
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nephrolithtomy
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incision into the kidney to remove a calculus (kidney stone)
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ureteroplasty
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surgical repair of a ureter
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ureterorrhaphy
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suture of a ureter
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ureteroscope
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instrument used to visually examine the ureter
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urinalysis
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analysis of urine
