Chapter 13 – Blood System – Flashcards
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A mononuclear white blood cell (agranulocyte) formed in lymph tissue; it is a phagocyte and the precursor of a macrophage
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monocyte
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thrombocyte or cell fragment that helps blood clot
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platelet
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cell in the bone marrow that give rise to different types of blood cells
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hematopoietic stem cell
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mononuclear leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies
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lymphocyte
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leukocyte with dense, reddish granules having an affinity for red acidic dye; associated with allergic reactions
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eosinophil
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red blood cells
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erythrocyte
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leukocyte (polymorphonuclear granulocyte) formed in the bone marrow; granules do not stain intensely and have a pale color
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neutrophil
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leukocyte (granulocyte) with dark-staining blue granules; releases histamine and heparin
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basophil
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B coagulation
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blood clotting
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granulocyte
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white blood cell with dense, dark staining granules (neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil)
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mononuclear
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pertaining to (having) one (prominent) nucleus (monocytes and lymphocytes are mononuclear leukocytes)
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polymorphonuclear
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pertaining to (having) a many-shaped nucleus (neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
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globulins
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plasma proteins in blood; immunoglobulins are examples
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erythroblast
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immature red blood cell
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megakaryocyte
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forerunner (precursor) or platelets (formed in the bone marrow)
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macrophage
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large phagocytes formed from monocytes and found in tissues; they destroy worn-out red blood cells and engulf foreign material
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hemoglobin
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blood protein found in red blood cells, enables the erthrocyte to carry oxygen
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plasma
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liquid portion of blood
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reticulocyte
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immature, developing red blood cell with a network of granules in its cytoplasm
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myeloblast
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immature bone marrow cell that is the forerunner of granulocytes
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C liquid portion of blood
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plasma
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orange-yellow pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
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bilirubin
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iron-containing nonprotein part of hemoglobin
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heme
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protiens in plasma; separted into alpha, beta, and gamma types
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globulins
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hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells
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erythropoietin
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foreign material that stimulates the production of an antibody
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antigen
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plasma protein that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
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albumin
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proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood
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antibodies
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D Name four types of plasma proteins
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albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and prothrombin
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What is the Rh factor?
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an antigen normally found on red blood cells of Rh-positive individuals
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What is hemolysis?
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destruction of red blood cells when incompatible bloods are mixed
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A person with type A blood has______ antigens and ______ antibodies in his or her blood.
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A; anti-B
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A person with type B blood has ______ antigens and ______ antibodies in his or her blood.
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B; anti-A
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A person with type O blood has ______ antigens and ______ antibodies in his or her blood.
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no A or B; anti-A and anti-B
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A person with type AB blood has ______ antigens and ______ antibodies in his or her blood.
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A and B; no anti-A and no anti-B
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Can you transfuse blood from a type A donor into a type B recipient? ______ Why or why not?
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no; A antigens will react with the anti-A antibodies in the type B recipients bloodstream
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Can you transfuse blood from a type AB donor into a type O recipient? ______ Whe or why not?
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no; A and B antigens will react with the anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the type O receipient's bloodstream
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What is electrophoresis?
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a method of separating substances (such as protiens) by electrical charge
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What is immunoglobulin?
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gamma globulin (blood protein) that contains antibodies
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What is differentiation?
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change in the structure and function (specialization) of as it matures
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What is plasmapheresis?
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process of using a certrifuge to separte or remove blood cells from plasma
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Why is type O the universal donor?
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type O does not contain A or B antigens and therefore will not react with antibodies in any recipients bloodstream
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E anticoagulant substance found in liver cells, bloodstream and tissues
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heparin
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protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
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fibrin
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plasma protein that is converted to thromin in the clotting process
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prothrombin
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plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
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serum
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drug given to patients to prevent formation of clots
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warfarin (Coumadin)
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plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
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fibrinogen
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process of clotting
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coagulation
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enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin
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thrombin
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F - word parts anticoagulant
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anti/coagul/ant - a substance that prevents clotting
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hemoglobinopathy
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hemoglobin/o/pathy - disease (abnormality) of hemoglobin
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cytology
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cyt/o/logy - study of cells
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leukoctopenia
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leuk/o/cyt/o/penia - deficiency of white (blood) cells
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morphology
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morph/o/logy - study of the shape of form (of cells)
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megakaryocyte
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mega/kary/o/cyte - cell with a large (mega-) nucleus (kary); platelet precursor
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sideropenia
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sider/o/penia - deficiency of iron
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phagocyte
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phag/o/cyte - cell that eats or swallows other cells
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myeloblast
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myel/o/blast - immature bone marrow cell (gives rise to granulocytes)
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plateletpheresis
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platelet/pheresis - separation of platelets from the rest of the blood
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monoblast
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mon/o/blast - immatue monocyte
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myelopoiesis
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myel/o/poiesis - formation of bone marrow cells
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hemostasis
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hem/o/stasis - controlling or stopping the flow of blood
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thrombolytic
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thromb/o/lytic - pertaining to destruction of clots
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hematopoiesis
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hemat/o/poiesis - formation of blood
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G - concerning red blood cells any irregularity in the shape of red blood cells
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poikilocytosis
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oxygen-containing protein in red blood cells
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hemoglobin
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formation of red blood cells
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erythropoiesis
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deficiency in numbers of red blood cells
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anemia
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destruction of red blood cells
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hemolysis
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pertaining to reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells
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hypochromic
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variation in size of red blood cells
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anisocytosis
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abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally biconcave-shaped, red blood cells
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spherocytosis
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increase in number of small red blood cells
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microcytosis
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general increase in numbers of red blood cells; erythremia
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polycythemia vera
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increase in numbers of large red blood cells
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macrocytosis
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separation of blood so that the percentage of red blood cells in relation to the volume of a blood sample is measured
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hematocrit
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H - Describe the problem in each of the following forms of anemia. iron deficiency anemia
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lack of iron leading to insufficient hemoglobin production
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pernicious anemia
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lack of mature erythrocytes due to inability to absorb vitamin B 12 into the bloodstream (gastric juice lacks a factor that helps absorb B 12)
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sickle cell anemia
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abnormal shape (crescent shape of erthrocytes caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin (hereditary disorder)
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aplastic anemia
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lact of all types of blood cells due to lack of development of bone marrow cells
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thalassemia
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defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
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I - blood dyscrasias autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
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multiple pinpoint hemorrhages due to a deficiency of platelets (patient makes an antibody that destroys her or his own platelets
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granulocytosis
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abnormal condition of excess numbers of granulocytes (eosinophilia and basophilia)
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homphilia
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excessive bleeding caused by a hereditary lack of factor VIII or factor IX necessary for clotting
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hemochromatosis
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excessive deposits of iron in tissues of the body
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multiple myeloma
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malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
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mononucleosis
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infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes
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J relapse
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Symptoms of the disease return
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remission
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Symptoms of the disease disappear
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palliative
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Relieving but not curing
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Bence Jones protein
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Immunoglobulin fragment found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma
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ecchymoses
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Large blue or purplish patches on skin (bruises)
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pancytopenia
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Deficiency of all blood cells
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apheresis
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Separation of blood into its parts
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eosinophilia
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Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditons
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petechiae
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Tiny purple or flat red spots on skin as a result of small hemmorhages
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packed cells
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preparation of erythrocytes separated from plasma
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bas/o
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base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)
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chrom/o
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color
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coagul/o
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clotting
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cyt/o
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cell
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erythr/o
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red
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granul/o
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granules
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hem/o
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blood
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hemat/o
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blood
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hemoglobin/o
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hemoglobin
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is/o
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same, equal
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kary/o
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nucleus
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leuk/o
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white
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mon/o
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one, single
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morph/o
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shape, form
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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neutr/o
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neutral (neither base nor acid)
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nucle/o
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nucleus
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phag/o
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eat, swallow
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poiki/o
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varied, irregular
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sider/o
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iron
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spher/o
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globe, round
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thromb/o
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clot
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eosin/o
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red, dawn, rosy
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-apheresis
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removal, a carrying away
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-blast
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immature cell, embryonic
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-cytosis
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abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
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-emia
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blood condition
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-globin
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protein
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-globulin
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protein
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-lytic
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pertaining to destruction
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-oid
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derived from
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-osis
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abnormal conditon
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-penia
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deficiency
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-phage
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eat, swallow
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-philia
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attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)
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-phoresis
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carrying, transmission
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-plasia
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development; formation; growth
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-poiesis
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formation
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-stasis
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stop, control
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a-, an-
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no, not, without
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anti-
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against
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hypo-
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deficient, under
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macro-
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large
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mega-
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large
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micro-
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small
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mono-
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one,
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pan-
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all
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poly-
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many, much
