question

Correctional centers designed especially for juveniles by federal, state, and county governments are called ___.

answer

institutional treatment facilities

question

Currently some critics believe _____ has improved conditions in training schools.

answer

public scrutiny

question

_____ is one of the most common treatment approaches, and virtually all juvenile institutions use it to some degree.

answer

individual counseling

question

_____ seeks to make all aspects of the inmates' environment part of their treatment and to minimize differences between custodial staff and treatment personnel.

answer

milieu therapy

question

In _____, the court held that all juveniles confined in training schools in Texas have the right to treatment, including development of educational skills, delivery of vocational education, medical and psychiatric treatment, and adequate living conditions.

answer

morales v. turman

question

The _____ prepares the predisposition report for the court.

answer

juvenile probation officer

question

A non-punitive strategy for delinquency control that attempts to address the issues that produce conflict between two parties and reconcile the parties is referred to as _____.

answer

restorative justice

question

Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, competency, and individualized attention to the juvenile offender are called _____.

answer

balanced probation

question

In _____ the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a suit brought by residents at the Maricao Juvenile Camp in Puerto Rico on the grounds that the administration had failed to provide them with an individualized rehabilitation plan or adequate treatment.

answer

Santana v. Callazo

question

The _____ policy mandates that courts use the least restrictive alternative in providing services for status offenders.

answer

decarceration

question

_____ established minimum standards for all juveniles confined in training schools.

answer

nelson v. heyne

question

Institutions in which educational and psychological services are used in an effort to improve the conduct of juveniles who are forcibly detained are called _____.

answer

reform schools

question

__________ and __________ generated the belief that certain segments of the population (i.e., youths in urban areas) were susceptible to the influences of their decaying environment.

answer

urbanization, industrialization

question

_____ determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to school searches.

answer

new jersey v. T.L.O.

question

The __________ can be described as a child saving organization that took children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie.

answer

Children's Aid Society

question

The purpose of the ______ was to remove abused and neglected children from their homes and assisted the court in making placement decisions.

answer

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

question

When the juvenile court was first created, _____ was the standard of proof required to adjudicate a child delinquent.

answer

preponderance of the evidence

question

_____ determined that a child has due process rights, such as having an attorney present at waiver hearings.

answer

kent v. united states

question

In _____ the Court held that the Fourth Amendment's guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by the suspicionless drug testing of all students choosing to participate in interscholastic athletics.

answer

vernonia school district v. acton

question

What is known as a reduction in charges in adult criminal court is known as __ in juvenile court.

answer

substitution

question

According to your text, status offenders are defined as _____.

answer

children in need of supervision

question

Intervention programs are focused on teenage youths considered to be at higher risk for engaging in petty delinquency acts, using drugs or alcohol, or associating with antisocial peers. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

Truancy and incorrigibility were added to the jurisdiction of many juvenile court systems by the 1920s. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

Since the mid-twentieth century, the juvenile court has ensured treatment programs for juvenile offenders at the expense of their constitutional rights. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

Crime control advocates suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer its functions to community groups and social service agencies. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

By segregating delinquent children from adult offenders, society has placed greater importance on the delinquent being a child rather than being a criminal. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

The U.S. Supreme Court alone changed the shape of juvenile justice. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

Juveniles have a constitutional right to jury trial. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

Passive electronic systems monitor the offender by continuously sending a signal back to the central office. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

Surveys indicate that as many as 60-70% of adult prison inmates had prior experience with juvenile court. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

A probation sentence implies a contract between the court and the juvenile. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

According to the text, many citizens prefer community-based programs for all but the most serious juvenile offenders. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

Evaluations of electronic monitoring show that recidivism rates are much lower in electronic monitoring programs than in traditional programs. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

Requiring youth to reimburse the victims of their crimes is the most widely used form of restitution in the United States. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

Aftercare in the juvenile justice system is the equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

Six out of seven juvenile offenders in residential placement are male. (T/F)

answer

TRUE

question

Males are more likely than females to be incarcerated for status offenses. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

Highly structured counseling in which a therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and make a more positive adjustment to society is called reality therapy. (T/F)

answer

FALSE

question

A reduction in the number of arrests per year for youths who have been incarcerated or otherwise punishedis known as a(n) __________.

answer

Suppression effect

question

Transitional assistance to juveniles to help youths adjust to community life is referred to as ______.

answer

Aftercare

question

A true alternative to incarceration that involves almost daily supervision of the juvenile by the probation officer assigned to the case is called __________.

answer

Juvenile intensive probation supervision

question

A technique for shaping desired behaviors through a system of rewards and punishments is referred to as ________.

answer

Behavior modification

question

_______ refers to a care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like environment.

answer

House of refuge

question

Trains in which urban youths were sent west for adoption with local farm couples were called ______.

answer

Orphan trains

question

________ children are those who fall under a jurisdictional age limit and who commit an act in violation of the penal code.

answer

Delinquent

question

________ is the procedure of separating adjudicatory and disposition hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard at each.

answer

Bifurcated process

question

The document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependant and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is called the _______.

answer

Petition

question

A _________ is the juvenile equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders.

answer

Disposition

question

_________ advocates want to reduce the court's jurisdiction over juveniles charged with serious crimes and liberalize the prosecutor's ability to try them in adult courts.

answer

Crime control

question

Appellate courts have ruled that if _________ is not provided, the youth must be released from confinement.

answer

minimum treatment

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