Chapter 12 Study Guide-Biology – Flashcards
60 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 60question
Franklin:
answer
Used x-ray diffraction to get info on DNA structure
Unlock the answer
question
Watson & Crick:
answer
Figured out the structure of DNA
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the DNA molecule: -What are the Basic Units?
answer
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytocine
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the DNA molecule: -What are the 3 parts of these basic units?
answer
Deoxyribose, Phosphates, and Nitrogen Bases
Unlock the answer
question
Describe the DNA molecule: -What is the name of the shape of the DNA molecule?
answer
"Double-Helix"
Unlock the answer
question
What are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA and how do they pair up?
answer
Adenine = Thymine Guanine = Cytocine
Unlock the answer
question
How do the long strands of DNA fit inside our chromosomes?
answer
They coil up
Unlock the answer
question
What purposes do nucleosomes serve?
answer
To pack the large Eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus
Unlock the answer
question
Why is DNA replication a necessary process in cell division?
answer
DNA is the code that makes our skin look like skin, and not like carrots. If our DNA doesnt replicate itself right, you could get sick with bad stuff.
Unlock the answer
question
Briefly describe the steps of DNA replication.
answer
1. DNA is unzipped by an enzyme called Helicase 2. The enzyme DNA polymerase moves in and fills in the complimentary sequence of nucleotides on each of the parent strands 3. The two developing DNA strands seperate into 2 new DNA strands
Unlock the answer
question
What function does DNA polymerase serve in the process of DNA replication?
answer
Forms nucleotides only to the 3 drive end.
Unlock the answer
question
What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
answer
1. DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded 2. DNA contains deoxyribose sugars, RNA has ribose sugar 3. DNA contains Thymine base, RNA has Uracil base
Unlock the answer
question
Name each kind of RNA and briefly describe its function. -mRNA:
answer
"Messenger" -Carries genetic information from the nucleus, to the cytoplasm
Unlock the answer
question
Name each kind of RNA and briefly describe its function. -tRNA:
answer
"Transfer" -Brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Unlock the answer
question
Name each kind of RNA and briefly describe its function. -rRNA:
answer
"Ribosomal" -Guides the translation of mRNA into a protein
Unlock the answer
question
Describe TRANSCRIPTION. -What is it?
answer
A process that involves the transcribing of genetic information from DNA to RNA
Unlock the answer
question
Describe TRANSCRIPTION. -Where does it occur in the cell?
answer
In the nucleus
Unlock the answer
question
Describe TRANSCRIPTION. -What is the end result?
answer
Protein
Unlock the answer
question
Describe TRANSLATION. -What is it?
answer
The process by which RNA makes protein
Unlock the answer
question
Describe TRANSLATION. -Where does it occur in the cell?
answer
In the cytoplasm
Unlock the answer
question
Describe TRANSLATION. -What is the end result?
answer
Formation of a new Polypeptide chain
Unlock the answer
question
What is a Codon?
answer
A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
Unlock the answer
question
1.) Givin the following DNA strand, turn it into mRNA then write the amino acid sequence that it codes for: TAC-TTT-GTG-ACC-ATT
answer
AUG-AAA-CAC-UGG-UAA
Unlock the answer
question
2.) Givin the following DNA strand, turn it into mRNA then write the amino acid sequence that it codes for: AUG-AAA-CAC-UGG-UAA
answer
AUG = Methionine AAA = Lysine CAC = Histidine UGG = Tryptophan UAA = "Stop"
Unlock the answer
question
Name and Describe the 4 types of chromosomal mutations. - "Deletion"
answer
Involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome
Unlock the answer
question
Name and Describe the 4 types of chromosomal mutations. - "Duplication"
answer
A segment of a chromosome is repeated
Unlock the answer
question
Name and Describe the 4 types of chromosomal mutations. - "Inversion"
answer
Part of a chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse of its usual direction
Unlock the answer
question
Name and Describe the 4 types of chromosomal mutations. - "Translocation"
answer
Part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome
Unlock the answer
question
What is the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation? -Gene
answer
A permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
Unlock the answer
question
What is the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation? -Chromosomal
answer
Involves a long segment of DNA, it is any change in the structure, or arrangement of the chromosomes.
Unlock the answer
question
tRNA looks like:
answer
A weird science beaker with flags coming out of the bottom
Unlock the answer
question
mRNA looks like:
answer
A row of flags coming out of the top of it wavy line.
Unlock the answer
question
rRNA looks like:
answer
The outline of a ghost split in half with squiggly lines in the top and bottom half.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Transformation?
answer
A process in which one strain of bacteria appears to change into another one.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Bacteriophage?
answer
Virus that infects and kills bacteria.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Helix?
answer
Shape formed by each strand of DNA.
Unlock the answer
question
whats Replication?
answer
Process in which DNA makes copies of itself.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats DNA Polymerase?
answer
The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Histone?
answer
Protein that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic chromosomes.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Promoter?
answer
Signal in DNA that indicates to enyzmes where to bind to make RNA.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Introns?
answer
Gene that is transcribed into RNA.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Codon?
answer
Three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid to be added to a polypeptide
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Mutation?
answer
A change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Expressed Gene?
answer
A group of genes that is operated together.
Unlock the answer
question
Whats Operon?
answer
Sections of RNA molecules that are removed before a eukaryotic gene becomes functional.
Unlock the answer
question
A(an) _______ is made up of three parts: A deoxyribose molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
answer
**Nucleotide**
Unlock the answer
question
The principal of ________ states that hydrogen bonds can form only between certain bases in DNA
answer
**Base Pairing**
Unlock the answer
question
Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein tightly packed together to form a substance called ______
answer
**Chromatin**
Unlock the answer
question
Instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins are carried in ______
answer
**Messenger RNA**
Unlock the answer
question
During the process of ______, RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence on DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA.
answer
**Transcription**
Unlock the answer
question
The enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA is called ______
answer
**RNA Polymerase**
Unlock the answer
question
After introns have been cut out of RNA molecules, the remaining pieces called ______ are spliced together.
answer
**Exons**
Unlock the answer
question
The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is known as ______.
answer
**Translation**
Unlock the answer
question
The three bases on the tRNA molecule that complementary to one of the mRNA codons are called a(an)______.
answer
**Anticodon**
Unlock the answer
question
A series of genes called ______ controls organs and tissues that develop in various parts of the embryo.
answer
**Hox Genes**
Unlock the answer
question
Have you mastered this material?
answer
No you havn't, go study this over again.
Unlock the answer
