Home Page Arts And Humanities History History of Europe Chapter 12 Romanesque Europe - Flashcards

Chapter 12 Romanesque Europe – Flashcards

Kevin Stewart

7 July 2022

question

What purpose did Gislebertus's image of the last judgement on the portal of saint- Lazare serve

answer

It encouraged viewers to seek salvation by terrifying them.

question

Among those who would be judged favorably in Gislebertus's Last Judgment are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. These figures represent ____.

answer

pilgrims to Jerusalem and Santiago

question

The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.

answer

groin vaults

question

Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?

answer

The pilgrimage routes

question

____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period.

answer

Feudalism

question

One of the factors that contributed to the enormous surge in church building during the Romanesque period was the ____.

answer

thanksgiving experienced at the peaceful conclusion of the first millennium

question

Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures.

answer

relics

question

The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____.

answer

to seek salvation or a cure

question

9. ____ is the theft of relics for holy purposes.

answer

Furta sacra

question

Pilgrims believed that relics could ____.

answer

heal body and soul

question

The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____.

answer

tomb of Saint James at Santiago de Compostela

question

Saint Faith at Conques, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela, and Saint-Sernin at Toulouse are all examples of ____ churches.

answer

pilgrimage

question

Saint-Sernin at Toulouse has been called a "pilgrimage type" church. Which of the following accounts for this designation?

answer

It had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory.

question

The purpose of tribunes such as those found at Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin in Toulouse was ____.

answer

to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults

question

The nave of pilgrimage churches, such as Saint-Sernin at Toulouse and Saint James, were covered by a ____.

answer

cut-stone barrel vault

question

At Saint-Sernin, the ____ served as the module for the proportions of the entire church.

answer

crossing square

question

Compound piers are ____.

answer

piers with attached columns or pilasters

question

In the Romanesque period, church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?

answer

The continuous barrel-vaulted naves

question

The revival of monumental sculpture in the Romanesque period was partially influenced by ____.

answer

the survival of ancient Roman ruins

question

The monks of the ____ order were among the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture

answer

Cluniac

question

____ possesses the most extensive preserved ensemble of early Romanesque sculpture.

answer

Saint-Pierre, Moissac

question

The _____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery that expressed the seclusion of the spiritual life and offered a foretaste of paradise

answer

cloister

question

The Cistercian monk who criticized the rich outfitting of non-Cistercian churches and sculptural adornments of monastic cloisters was ____.

answer

Bernard of Clairvaux

question

In his writings, Bernard of Clairvaux criticized the profusion of sculptural decoration in Romanesque cloisters because it ____.

answer

distracted the viewer from reading and prayer.

question

One of the most obvious differences between Cistercian churches such as Notre-Dame at Fontenay and other Romanesque churches is the absence of ____.

answer

sculptural decoration

question

The focus of the sculptural program of the abbey church of Saint Pierre at Moissac is the ____.

answer

second coming

question

The ____ is the semi-circular area above the lintel of a Romanesque portal.

answer

tympanum

question

During the Romanesque period, the vision of Christ's second coming was often depicted on which of the following?

answer

The tympanum

question

On the right face of the Moissac trumeau is a prophet displaying his scroll containing his prophetic vision. He is placed immediately below the depiction of Christ, the judge. This is another instance of the pairing of the Old and New Testament themes. This iconographic tradition was established during which of the following periods?

answer

Early Christian

question

____ is the church most closely associated with the crusades.

answer

La Madeleine, Vézelay

question

The tympanum of the Romanesque portal of La Madeleine at Vézelay depicts ____.

answer

Pentecost

question

The ____ were mass armed pilgrimages whose purpose was to take control of Christian monuments in the Holy Land.

answer

crusades

question

Reflecting Christ's mission to the apostles, depicted in the lintel and tympanum compartments at Vézelay are ____.

answer

images of the world's heathens

question

The mission of the ____, the earliest crusading knights, was to protect Christians visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land.

answer

Knights Templar

question

Scholars believe that the ____ manuscript was produced in the scriptorium at Moissac.

answer

Codex Colbertinus

question

The interwining forms on the initial L and saint matthew of the codex Colbertinus attest to the long life of the _______ from the hiberno- saxon period

answer

animal interlace style

question

In contrast to the Cluiacs, the ____ order eventually prohibited full-page illustrations in manuscripts.

answer

Cistercians

question

The depiction of the battle between the knight and the dragons from the Moralia in Job was viewed by the clergy as ____.

answer

an allegory of the struggle of monks against the devil for the salvation of souls

question

The use of ornamented initials such as the Initial R in the Moralia in Job can be traced back to the ____ period.

answer

Hiberno-Saxon

question

____, in northern Spain, boasts more Romanesque murals than anywhere else in Europe

answer

Catalonia

question

Similar to the subject matter of Romanesque portals, the ____ fresco from Santa María de Mur represents Christ surrounded by the four evangelists.

answer

Christ in Majesty

question

The "throne of wisdom," sedes sapientiae, is the western European freestanding version of which of the following?

answer

Byzantine Theotokos

question

Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman emperors until the 12th century?

answer

Speyer Cathedral

question

The one important requirement often missing from these church interiors is light. Which of the following did not allow for interior lighting?

answer

Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust making a clerestory difficult to construct.

question

How did 11th-century Romanesque masons construct monumental groin vaults?

answer

By using ashlar blocks joined by mortar

question

Of the following characteristics, which is not relevant to Italian church architecture?

answer

Verticality

question

In ____, buildings were designed structurally less experimentally than in northern Europe.

answer

Italy

question

It is said this structure's design is simple and serenely classical. It is a descendant of the Pantheon, the imperial mausoleum, such as Diocletian's, and the early Christian Saint Costanza. Which of the following is being described?

answer

San Giovanni Baptistery, Florence

question

The facade of ____ is rooted in the tradition of Carolingian and Ottonian westworks

answer

Saint-Étienne, Caen

question

Which of these architectural elements was used for the exterior supports on Romanesque buildings?

answer

Buttresses

question

The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?

answer

Groin vault

question

The Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 united all of England and most of France under one rule. The battle leading to this momentous occasion was the topic for the Bayeux Tapestry. Who commissioned this work?

answer

Bishop Odo

question

The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art. Which of the following supports this claim?

answer

It depicted an actual event in full detail shortly after it occurred.

question

The Bayeux Tapestry is the conqueror's version of history. It is a narrative that includes the battle sequences as well as the preparations for war. It is said that this is the most Roman of all Romanesque artworks. Which of the following supports this contention?

answer

It has often been likened to the panels from the Arch of Titus.

1 of

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question

What purpose did Gislebertus's image of the last judgement on the portal of saint- Lazare serve

answer

It encouraged viewers to seek salvation by terrifying them.

question

Among those who would be judged favorably in Gislebertus's Last Judgment are people carrying bags adorned with a shell and a cross. These figures represent ____.

answer

pilgrims to Jerusalem and Santiago

question

The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.

answer

groin vaults

question

Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?

answer

The pilgrimage routes

question

____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period.

answer

Feudalism

question

One of the factors that contributed to the enormous surge in church building during the Romanesque period was the ____.

answer

thanksgiving experienced at the peaceful conclusion of the first millennium

question

Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures.

answer

relics

question

The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____.

answer

to seek salvation or a cure

question

9. ____ is the theft of relics for holy purposes.

answer

Furta sacra

question

Pilgrims believed that relics could ____.

answer

heal body and soul

question

The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the ____.

answer

tomb of Saint James at Santiago de Compostela

question

Saint Faith at Conques, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela, and Saint-Sernin at Toulouse are all examples of ____ churches.

answer

pilgrimage

question

Saint-Sernin at Toulouse has been called a "pilgrimage type" church. Which of the following accounts for this designation?

answer

It had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory.

question

The purpose of tribunes such as those found at Saint James at Santiago de Compostela and Saint-Sernin in Toulouse was ____.

answer

to house the overflow crowds and to buttress the weight of the vaults

question

The nave of pilgrimage churches, such as Saint-Sernin at Toulouse and Saint James, were covered by a ____.

answer

cut-stone barrel vault

question

At Saint-Sernin, the ____ served as the module for the proportions of the entire church.

answer

crossing square

question

Compound piers are ____.

answer

piers with attached columns or pilasters

question

In the Romanesque period, church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?

answer

The continuous barrel-vaulted naves

question

The revival of monumental sculpture in the Romanesque period was partially influenced by ____.

answer

the survival of ancient Roman ruins

question

The monks of the ____ order were among the primary patrons of Romanesque sculpture

answer

Cluniac

question

____ possesses the most extensive preserved ensemble of early Romanesque sculpture.

answer

Saint-Pierre, Moissac

question

The _____ is the covered courtyard in a monastery that expressed the seclusion of the spiritual life and offered a foretaste of paradise

answer

cloister

question

The Cistercian monk who criticized the rich outfitting of non-Cistercian churches and sculptural adornments of monastic cloisters was ____.

answer

Bernard of Clairvaux

question

In his writings, Bernard of Clairvaux criticized the profusion of sculptural decoration in Romanesque cloisters because it ____.

answer

distracted the viewer from reading and prayer.

question

One of the most obvious differences between Cistercian churches such as Notre-Dame at Fontenay and other Romanesque churches is the absence of ____.

answer

sculptural decoration

question

The focus of the sculptural program of the abbey church of Saint Pierre at Moissac is the ____.

answer

second coming

question

The ____ is the semi-circular area above the lintel of a Romanesque portal.

answer

tympanum

question

During the Romanesque period, the vision of Christ's second coming was often depicted on which of the following?

answer

The tympanum

question

answer

Early Christian

question

____ is the church most closely associated with the crusades.

answer

La Madeleine, Vézelay

question

The tympanum of the Romanesque portal of La Madeleine at Vézelay depicts ____.

answer

Pentecost

question

The ____ were mass armed pilgrimages whose purpose was to take control of Christian monuments in the Holy Land.

answer

crusades

question

Reflecting Christ's mission to the apostles, depicted in the lintel and tympanum compartments at Vézelay are ____.

answer

images of the world's heathens

question

The mission of the ____, the earliest crusading knights, was to protect Christians visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land.

answer

Knights Templar

question

Scholars believe that the ____ manuscript was produced in the scriptorium at Moissac.

answer

Codex Colbertinus

question

The interwining forms on the initial L and saint matthew of the codex Colbertinus attest to the long life of the _______ from the hiberno- saxon period

answer

animal interlace style

question

In contrast to the Cluiacs, the ____ order eventually prohibited full-page illustrations in manuscripts.

answer

Cistercians

question

The depiction of the battle between the knight and the dragons from the Moralia in Job was viewed by the clergy as ____.

answer

an allegory of the struggle of monks against the devil for the salvation of souls

question

The use of ornamented initials such as the Initial R in the Moralia in Job can be traced back to the ____ period.

answer

Hiberno-Saxon

question

____, in northern Spain, boasts more Romanesque murals than anywhere else in Europe

answer

Catalonia

question

Similar to the subject matter of Romanesque portals, the ____ fresco from Santa María de Mur represents Christ surrounded by the four evangelists.

answer

Christ in Majesty

question

The "throne of wisdom," sedes sapientiae, is the western European freestanding version of which of the following?

answer

Byzantine Theotokos

question

Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman emperors until the 12th century?

answer

Speyer Cathedral

question

The one important requirement often missing from these church interiors is light. Which of the following did not allow for interior lighting?

answer

Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust making a clerestory difficult to construct.

question

How did 11th-century Romanesque masons construct monumental groin vaults?

answer

By using ashlar blocks joined by mortar

question

Of the following characteristics, which is not relevant to Italian church architecture?

answer

Verticality

question

In ____, buildings were designed structurally less experimentally than in northern Europe.

answer

Italy

question

answer

San Giovanni Baptistery, Florence

question

The facade of ____ is rooted in the tradition of Carolingian and Ottonian westworks

answer

Saint-Étienne, Caen

question

Which of these architectural elements was used for the exterior supports on Romanesque buildings?

answer

Buttresses

question

The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?

answer

Groin vault

question

answer

Bishop Odo

question

The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art. Which of the following supports this claim?

answer

It depicted an actual event in full detail shortly after it occurred.

question

answer

It has often been likened to the panels from the Arch of Titus.

Chapter 12 Romanesque Europe – Flashcards

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