question

Temporal

answer

Auditory area.

question

Parietal

answer

Primary sensory cortex.

question

Frontal

answer

Somatic motor cortex

question

Frontal

answer

Motor speech area

question

Frontal

answer

Premotor area

question

Occipital

answer

Visual area.

question

Temporal

answer

Language/speech comprehension area.

question

Parietal

answer

Taste (gustatory) area.

question

Frontal

answer

Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning

question

Thalamus

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A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei.

question

Prefrontal area

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This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgment, and conscience.

question

Primary motor cortex

answer

The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts.

question

Hypothalamus

answer

This area is the main visceral control center of the body.

question

Stage 4

answer

The stage when vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature) reach their lowest normal levels.

question

REM

answer

Indicated by movement of the eyes under the lids; dreaming occurs.

question

Stage 3

answer

Theta and delta waves begin to appear.

question

Stage 1

answer

Very easy to awaken; EEG shows alpha waves; may even deny being asleep.

question

Stage 2

answer

Typified by sleep spindles.

question

REM

answer

Begins about 90 minutes after the onset of sleep.

question

REM

answer

Necessary for emotional health; may be neural ʺdebugging.ʺ

question

are involved in the emotional aspects of perception

answer

The nonspecific ascending pathways ________.

question

hypothalamus

answer

The superchiasmatic nucleus is found in the ________.

question

pons

answer

Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________.

question

cerebellar white matter

answer

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

question

midbrain, medulla, and pons

answer

The brain stem consists of the ________.

question

temporal lobe

answer

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.

question

carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

answer

Spinocerebellar tracts ________.

question

inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root

answer

The spinal cord has gray matter on the ________.

question

arachnoid and pia

answer

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

question

medulla

answer

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

question

the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

answer

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

question

longitudinal fissure

answer

The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the ________.

question

emotional impact

answer

The limbic association area of the multimodal association areas provides our ________.

question

sulcus

answer

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.

question

is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

answer

The cerebrospinal fluid ________.

question

the spinal cord may be affected

answer

If the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly ________.

question

frontal from parietal

answer

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

question

lateral spinothalamic

answer

Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________.

question

fiber tracts

answer

Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

question

is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature

answer

The hypothalamus ________.

question

myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

answer

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.

question

rubrospinal

answer

A lateral tract in the spinal cord would be ________.

question

paraplegia

answer

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________.

question

upper motor neurons

answer

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.

question

gyri

answer

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

question

structurally distinct cortical areas

answer

Brodmannʹs numbering refers to ________.

question

pyramidal and corticospinal

answer

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________.

question

visual association area

answer

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.

question

is considered a motor speech area

answer

Brocaʹs area ________.

question

corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

answer

The function of commissures is to connect ________.

question

metabolic waste such as urea

answer

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

question

substantia nigra

answer

Which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei?

question

caudate nucleus

answer

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________.

question

third ventricle

answer

Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?

question

consolidation

answer

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________.

question

indicates a normal frequency range of 1-30 Hz

answer

An electroencephalogram ________.

question

reticular formation

answer

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.

question

red blood cells

answer

Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

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temporary skeletal muscle paralysis, except for the extrinsic eye muscles

answer

REM sleep is associated with ________.

question

slurred speech

answer

Mr. Hom was injured in an accident that completely severed his spinal cord at the level of T12. You would expect to find all of the following except ________.

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loss of proprioception

answer

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________.

question

contains the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts

answer

White matter of the spinal cord ________.

question

Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life.

answer

Which statement about aging is most accurate?

question

motor-anterior

answer

Which association is most accurate?

question

reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously

answer

Brain wave amplitude ________.

question

mammillary body

answer

Declarative memory is not stored in the ________.

question

has symptoms that are the opposite of Parkinsonʹs disease

answer

Huntingtonʹs disease ________.

question

skill learning

answer

The corpus striatum plays a special role in ________.

question

is facilitated by the release of norepinephrine

answer

Storing information in long-term memory ________.

question

vestibular nuclei

answer

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.

question

medulla

answer

Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?

question

visceral sensory area

answer

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________.

question

Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.

answer

Which statement about coma is true?

question

Parkinsonʹs disease

answer

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.

question

concussion

answer

Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

question

is the ability to learn specific information

answer

Declarative memory ________.

question

red nuclei

answer

Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

question

Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.

answer

Which statement is not true?

question

Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.

answer

Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

question

cerebral cortex

answer

White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception of the ________.

question

thalamus

answer

Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________.

question

premotor cortex

answer

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.

question

Theta

answer

________ waves are not normal for adults but are common for children.

question

central canal

answer

The fourth ventricle is continuous with the ________ of the spinal cord.

question

corpus callosum

answer

The large tract that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.

question

pons

answer

The ________ is a conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centers and houses nuclei for cranial nerves V-VII.

question

pituitary gland

answer

The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the ________.

question

arachnoid villi

answer

The ________ are valvelike and protrude externally through the dura mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood.

question

dorsal

answer

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via the ________ horn.

question

Skill

answer

________ memory requires practice, and is remembered by doing.

question

diencephalon

answer

The ________ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

question

pyramids

answer

The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________.

question

substantia nigra

answer

The largest nuclear mass in the midbrain is the ________.

question

theta; delta

answer

In stage 3 sleep, ________ and ________ waves appear.

question

amygdala

answer

The ________ is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are damaged, the past is lost.

question

Circadian

answer

________ rhythm is a 24-hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness.

question

Sleep apnea

answer

________ is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep found most commonly in the elderly.

question

Hydrocephaly refers to a blockage of the normal circulation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) throughout the meninges and ventricles. If CSF is allowed to accumulate, excessive pressure could be exerted on the brain. In newborns, the fontanels allow the skull to enlarge, while in adults, the cranial bones are fused and no expansion is possible.

answer

Describe the cause of hydrocephalus and explain why this condition is much more serious in adults than in newborns.

question

The blood-brain barrier is absent around the vomiting center of the brain stem, so that it can monitor the blood for poisonous substances. It is also absent around the hypothalamus, so that it can monitor the chemical composition of the blood and adjust water balance and other factors.

answer

Which brain areas lack a blood-brain barrier, and what purpose does this absence serve?

question

1. ANS. 2. Center of emotional responses. 3. Body temperature regulation. 4. Regulation of food intake. 5. Regulation of water balance and thirst. 6. Regulation of the sleep-wake cycles. 7. Control of the endocrine functions.

answer

What seven areas of the body is the hypothalamus in control of?

question

This is an area of the brain that is in control of our emotions, such as fear, anger, love, hate, etc. It can be acted upon by smell (the smell of a gas, perfume, dead animals), memories, taste, sight, and self-will.

answer

What is the limbic system?

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