Test Answers on Chapter 12 biology – Flashcards
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Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experment?
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Live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria.
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Griffith called the process he observed transformation because
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The harmless bacteria had been transformed
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What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
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DNA was the transforming factor.
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Griffith experiments advanced the study of genetics by providing that
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There is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another.
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What is inside a bacteriophage?
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Nucleic acid
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What do bacteriophages infect?
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Bacteria
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Why did Hershey and chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not ratio active sulfur?
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DNA contains phosphorous and no sulfur.
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Which part of the bacteriophage in figure 12-1 contains genetic material?
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B
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What stores information in a cell?
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DNA
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What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?
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Genetic information is lost
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In what way is DNA like a book.
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DNA has stored information, that can be cop pied and passed on.
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In which cells in the accurate transmission of information most important?
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Sex cells
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Figure 12-2 shows the structure of
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A DNA molecule
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Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
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Deoxyribose+ phosphate group+cytosine
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Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of
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Thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules.
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The table in figure 12-3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some if the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff's rule, the percentages bases in chicken DNA should be a around
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21.5%
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Based on Chargaff's rule the percentage of cytosine in the DNA of the bacterium, S Lulea in figure 12-1 should be around
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31.6%
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What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?
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The bases are both long
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DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because
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It bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung to from different words.
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Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by
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Producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays.
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Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff's contribute to the study of DNA?
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Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in equal percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base-pairing
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Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule of a double helix?
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Watson and Crick
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Which of the following forms base pair with thymine?
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Adenine
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What's and Clark discovered the two strands in DNA
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Run in opposite directions
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DNA replication results in two DNA molecules.
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Each which one new strand and one original strand.
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During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases GATCCA produces a strand with the bases
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GATCCA
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Which of the following include all of the others.
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Chromosomes
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In figure 12-5, what nucleotide is going to be added at point 1, opposite from thymine?
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Adenine
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In figure 12-5, what is adding base pairs to the strand?
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DNA polymerase
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In eukaryotes, DNA
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Is located in the nucleus
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Which would be greater in eukaryote than in a prokaryote?
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The number of replication forks on a strand of DNA
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In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens
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Before cell division
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The structure labeled X in figure 12-2 is a(an)______.
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Nucleotide
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The matching strand of the one in figure 12-7 reading from the bottom up, would be ______.
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AGCT
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In figure 12-8, the percentage of guanine would be
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20%
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Chromatin contains proteins called ______.
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Histones
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DNA replication is carried out by a series of ______.
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Enzymes
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The tips of chromosomes are known as ______.
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Telomeres
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Identify the the three main components in the nucleotides show in figure 12-9.
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Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
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What are the roles of covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in the structure of the DNA?
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Covalent- backbone Hydrogen- base pairs
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If the percentage of guanine in the DNA of a certain species decreases by 5 percent over time, what would you expect to have happened to the percentage of adenine in that DNA?
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It would increase by 5%
