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Putting up with problems within a system

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Homan says is rarely gratifying and that workers gain professional satisfaction by actively taking steps to promote positive changes.

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Agency Philosophy

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Study the agency's philosophy before you accept a position, and determine whether the agency's norms, values, and expectations coincide with what you expect from the position.

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Three experiences as adjuncts to a training program for group workers

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1. personal experience in self-exploration groups 2. personal (individual) psychotherapy 3. group supervision

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Social Justice

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The fair and equitable distribution of power, resources, and obligations in society to all people, regardless of race, gender, ability, status, sexual orientation, and religious or spiritual background.

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Some strategies Hayes and colleagues recommend

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Values clarification, empowerment of gender and ethnicity statuses, consciousness, raising, self-disclosure, social and gender-role analyses, structure to maximize group cohesion, and bibliotherapy.

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Coleadership in Ethics

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The group can benefit from the insights and feedback of two leaders. Coleaders who complement and balance each insights and feedback of two leader.

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One of the primary disadvantages of coleadership

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Involves relationship difficulties between the leaders, ineffective communication, competition between leaders, and overdependence on the coleader.

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Effective Coleadership requires

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A commitment to establishing and maintaining these relationship.

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Informed consent

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A process of presenting basic information about group treatment to potential group members to enable hem to make better decisions about whether or not to enter and how to participate in a group.

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Poor Candidates for a heterogeneous outpatient intensive therapy group

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People with traumatic brain injuries, paranoid individuals, hypochondriacs, those who are actively addicted to drugs or alcohol, acutely psychotic individuals, and antisocial personalities.

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Groups are useful for people who have

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Problems in the interpersonal domain, such as loneliness, inability to make or maintain intimate contacts, feelings of unlovability, fears of being assertive, and dependency issues.

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Exploring group members' misconceptions and expectations, predicting early problems, and providing a conceptual framework

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Reinforces the therapist's respect for the client, demonstrate that therapy is a collaborative venture, and shows that the therapist is willing to share his or her knowledge with the client.

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Providing members with basic information about group process

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Tends to eliminate some of the difficulties typically encountered in the early stages of a group.

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When attendance at group sessions is required

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Group leaders must be certain that group members understand their rights and their responsibilities, and counselors must at all times show their respect for these mandated members.

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Author's perspective of Freedom to leave the group

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Clients have a responsibility to the leader and to the other members to explain why they want to leave.

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Reasons for this policy of freedom to leave

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It can be psychologically damaging to members to leave without having been able to discuss what they considered threatening or negative in the experience.

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Smokowski and Colleagues: Damaging experiences in therapeutic groups

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Lack of leader support, and aggressiv and harshly confrontational leadership style, premature pressure to disclose, passive leadership style, misuse of a leader's power and influence, lack o acceptance for diverse points of view, lack of clarity about group norms, and negative norms that coerce participation or encourage excessive confrontation.

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The Risks of Group Therapy

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Members may experience some disruption in their lives Sometimes privacy is surrendered Group pressure Scapegoating: Unchallenged projection and blaming Confrontation can be used or misused If safety is lacking in a group, members who have been subjected to social injustices may be revictimized. There is no guarantee that all members will maintain confidentiality.

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One way to minimize psychological risks

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Use a contract, in which leaders specify what their responsibilities are and members specify what their commitment to the group is by declaring what they are willing to do.

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Leaders can reduce the chances of creating toxic climates by

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a. Assuming a nonjudgmental stance toward the members b. avoiding responding to sarcasm with sarcasm c. Being hones with members d. Avoiding judgments and labeling of members, instead naming the behavior of members e. Stating observations and hunches in a tentative way f. Letting members who are difficult know how they are affecting them in a nonblaming way g. Detecting their own countertransference h. Avoiding misuse of their power i. Providing both support and a caring confrontation j. Avoiding meeting their own needs at the expense of the members

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Group Confidentiality

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From the beginning of a group we discuss with the members the purpose and limits of confidentiality. We talk with each prospective member about the necessity of maintaining confidentiality to establish the trust and cohesion required if participants are to reveal themselves in significant ways.

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A way to safeguard member's confidentiality

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Develop a written contract.

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Exceptions to confidentiality

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Your responsibility to your clients requires you to inform them that you are documenting their verbalizations and behaviors and that this information is accessible to other staff.

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Parental written consent should include

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a brief description of the purpose of the group, the importance of confidentiality, and your intention not to violate any confidences.

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Social Media in Group Work

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Counselors should address the parameters of online behavior through informed consent and should establish ground rules regarding members' commitment to avoid posting pictures, comments, or any type of confidential information about other members online.

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Closed Groups

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Have limitations, with the group meeting for a predetermined number of sessions. Members are typically expected to remain in the group until it ends, and new members are not added.

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The final phase of group work

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May be the one that leaders handle most ineptly, possibly owing to their lack of training or partly because of their own resistance to termination.

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Open Group

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Members leave the group and new members are incorporated into the group at various times.

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An ideal termination

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One that has been mutually agreed upon by the member and the leader and for which there is sufficient time to work through the process.

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Evidence Based Practive

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A way to demonstrate the efficacy of the group procedures. Considers the best research evidence in light of therapist. and client factors.

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Three pillars of evidence based practices

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Best available evidence, clinician expertise, and client characteristics.

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Practice Based Evidence (PBE)

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Uses data generated from clients during treatment to inform the process and outcome of treatment. These tools allow clinicians to periodically take the vital signs of the group and make any needed adjustments. Can help therapists assess the value of a group for its members throughout the life of the group as well as providing a tool to aid evaluation of the group experience during the termination phase.

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Person-Centered Therapy and Existential Therapy

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Emphasize understanding the world of the group members and healing through the therapeutic relationship

Chapter 12 and 13 (478-485) – Flashcards

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