Chapter 11 – Early Medieval Europe – Flashcards

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After the Carolingian empire fell, the ___, who controlled Austria, Germany and Lombardy, replaced it as the next unifying force in Western Europe during the early medieval period.
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Ottonians
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The swirling drapery and heaving landscape of St. Matthew from the ____ represents the expressionist mode of Carolingian art.
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Ebbo Gospels
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Which group of barbarian invaders became firmly established in regions known today as France, Switzerland the Netherlands, and parts of Germany?
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Franks
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The Ostrogoth, Theodoric, established his kingdom in _____
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Italy
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What area of Western Europe was never colonized by Rome?
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Ireland
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Elaborately decorated Merovingian fibulae have been excavated from graves. Based on this, it can be said these small objects were _____
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Emblems of prestige
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Two silver spoons, "Saulos" and "Paulos," Paul's names before and after baptism, were discovered as part of the Sutton Hoo burial. What might be alluded from these spoons?
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The owner's conversion to Christianity.
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The Sutton Hoo purse has two groupings each of a man standing between two lions. This can also be found in what earlier culture?
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Sumer
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Early 11th Century England was briefly part of what empire?
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Danish
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In the later Middle Ages religious books were created for the private devotions of the laity. They were based on readers used by the monks. These books contained prayers to be read at specific times during the day, popularly known as _____
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Books of Hours
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The symbol of Matthew from the Book of Durrow shows frontal head, profile feet, and a cloak and frame that resemble contemporaneous cloisonné metalwork. Which of the following statements explains this work?
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Wedding the abstraction of Early Medieval adornment and Early christian pictorial imagery.
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It has been said that the author-portrait of St Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels shows classical influences. What supports this statement?
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The figure is seated as a philosopher or poet reading or writing
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What manuscript is commonly considered the greatest achievement in Hiberno-Saxon art?
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Book of Kells
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Equestrian statues were reminders of Rome's glory. Charlemagne returned Rome after his coronation with an equestrian statue of Theodoric. Which statue served as the ultimate model for such equestrian portraits?
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Marcus Aurelius
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The Ebbo Gospels represent a new Carolingian vernacular. Which of the following describes the new Carolingian style?
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Translated a classical prototype.
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The Lindau Gospels book cover displays an amalgamation of tradition and style. Which of the following describes that combination?
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The work highlights the Early christian tradition and Utrecht Psalter style.
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What church plan was used as the model for the palace chapel at Aachen?
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San Vitale
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The alternate support system is found first in the architecture of which period?
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Ottonian
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Irish or Celtic stone crosses are identifiable by which of the following?
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a circle intersecting the cross arms
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Who was a major force in the revival of the Classical style in early medieval times?
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Otto III
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It has been said that Bernward's doors are instruments that detail Original Sin and Redemption by juxtaposing these two concepts side by side. Which juxtaposed panels from the doors would support this?
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The Fall and the Crucifixion
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____ was a possible model for Bernward's column because the narrative reads from top to bottom.
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Trajan's column
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The Utrecht Psalter is most closely related to which of the following?
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Ebbo Gospels
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In which way did the three-aisled basilica for the Monastery of St. Gall differ from its Early Christian prototypes?
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It has a second apse on the west end
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The ___ burial epitomizes the early medieval tradition of burying great lords with rich furnishings.
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Sutton Hoo
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Early Medieval burial traditions were recorded in the ____
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Saga of Beowulf
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The abbey church at Hildesheim has a double transept plan that creates eastern and western centers of gravity. The lateral entrances on the north and south aisles further disrupt the traditional basilican plan. What model might have been used for this church?
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Basilica Ulpia
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What was the primary vehicle used in the Christianization of the British isles?
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Liturgical books
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The primary sacred text was the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament originally written in Hebrew and the New Testament written in Greek. In what language is the Vulgate version of the Bible written?
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Latin
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Which of the following manuscripts showed the greatest influence of Roman illusionism?
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Coronation Gospels
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The style of the Gospel book of Otto III can best be described as ___
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Byzantine Formalism
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It has been said Charlemagne was a man of great energy and learning, a strong patron of the arts, and a sincere admirer of Classical culture. Which of the following do later generations owe to Charlemagne's patronage?
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The copying of important classical texts.
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Later church architecture adopted heavy square piers alternating with columns, dividing the nave into vertical units and mitigating the tunnel-like horizontality of Early Christian basilicas. This system is known as ____
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alternate support
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The Carolingian architectural plan that demonstrated the beginnings of the modular system was found in ____
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The Monastery of St. Gall
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[Short Answer] Contrast the Lindau Gospels book cover and the Gero Crucifix
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The Lindau gospels book cover presents the Early christian representation of Christ as a youthful figure. The Gero Crucifix uses the Byzantine formula of a matured bearded Christ figure, showing the drama and blood of the event.
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[Short Answer] Why is the date, Christmas day, 800 CE , significant?
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Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of Rome. The event took place in St Peter's basilica.
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[Short Answer] What is the significance of the term 'holy' when applied to Roman Emperor?
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It signifies his Christian faith. This title was meant to imply that the holder was the christian emperor of Rome, the faith's 'capital' in the medieval world.
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[Short Answer] Briefly describe the contributions of the Iona monks.
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They established a monastery in Lindisfarne off the northern coast of Britain. This became a great center for learning as well as a famous scriptorium.
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[Short Answer] What form did much medieval art from this period take and the reception of it changed?
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Most of what art has survived from this period consists of small, portable "status symbols". Items of personal adornment and weapons count among the many objects found. Earlier scholars rejected these items as the minor arts. It is important to recognize that for those living in the Middle Ages these objects were highly regarded.
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