Chapter 11 – Early Medieval Europe – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
After the Carolingian empire fell, the ___, who controlled Austria, Germany and Lombardy, replaced it as the next unifying force in Western Europe during the early medieval period.
answer
Ottonians
question
The swirling drapery and heaving landscape of St. Matthew from the ____ represents the expressionist mode of Carolingian art.
answer
Ebbo Gospels
question
Which group of barbarian invaders became firmly established in regions known today as France, Switzerland the Netherlands, and parts of Germany?
answer
Franks
question
The Ostrogoth, Theodoric, established his kingdom in _____
answer
Italy
question
What area of Western Europe was never colonized by Rome?
answer
Ireland
question
Elaborately decorated Merovingian fibulae have been excavated from graves. Based on this, it can be said these small objects were _____
answer
Emblems of prestige
question
Two silver spoons, "Saulos" and "Paulos," Paul's names before and after baptism, were discovered as part of the Sutton Hoo burial. What might be alluded from these spoons?
answer
The owner's conversion to Christianity.
question
The Sutton Hoo purse has two groupings each of a man standing between two lions. This can also be found in what earlier culture?
answer
Sumer
question
Early 11th Century England was briefly part of what empire?
answer
Danish
question
In the later Middle Ages religious books were created for the private devotions of the laity. They were based on readers used by the monks. These books contained prayers to be read at specific times during the day, popularly known as _____
answer
Books of Hours
question
The symbol of Matthew from the Book of Durrow shows frontal head, profile feet, and a cloak and frame that resemble contemporaneous cloisonné metalwork. Which of the following statements explains this work?
answer
Wedding the abstraction of Early Medieval adornment and Early christian pictorial imagery.
question
It has been said that the author-portrait of St Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels shows classical influences. What supports this statement?
answer
The figure is seated as a philosopher or poet reading or writing
question
What manuscript is commonly considered the greatest achievement in Hiberno-Saxon art?
answer
Book of Kells
question
Equestrian statues were reminders of Rome's glory. Charlemagne returned Rome after his coronation with an equestrian statue of Theodoric. Which statue served as the ultimate model for such equestrian portraits?
answer
Marcus Aurelius
question
The Ebbo Gospels represent a new Carolingian vernacular. Which of the following describes the new Carolingian style?
answer
Translated a classical prototype.
question
The Lindau Gospels book cover displays an amalgamation of tradition and style. Which of the following describes that combination?
answer
The work highlights the Early christian tradition and Utrecht Psalter style.
question
What church plan was used as the model for the palace chapel at Aachen?
answer
San Vitale
question
The alternate support system is found first in the architecture of which period?
answer
Ottonian
question
Irish or Celtic stone crosses are identifiable by which of the following?
answer
a circle intersecting the cross arms
question
Who was a major force in the revival of the Classical style in early medieval times?
answer
Otto III
question
It has been said that Bernward's doors are instruments that detail Original Sin and Redemption by juxtaposing these two concepts side by side. Which juxtaposed panels from the doors would support this?
answer
The Fall and the Crucifixion
question
____ was a possible model for Bernward's column because the narrative reads from top to bottom.
answer
Trajan's column
question
The Utrecht Psalter is most closely related to which of the following?
answer
Ebbo Gospels
question
In which way did the three-aisled basilica for the Monastery of St. Gall differ from its Early Christian prototypes?
answer
It has a second apse on the west end
question
The ___ burial epitomizes the early medieval tradition of burying great lords with rich furnishings.
answer
Sutton Hoo
question
Early Medieval burial traditions were recorded in the ____
answer
Saga of Beowulf
question
The abbey church at Hildesheim has a double transept plan that creates eastern and western centers of gravity. The lateral entrances on the north and south aisles further disrupt the traditional basilican plan. What model might have been used for this church?
answer
Basilica Ulpia
question
What was the primary vehicle used in the Christianization of the British isles?
answer
Liturgical books
question
The primary sacred text was the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament originally written in Hebrew and the New Testament written in Greek. In what language is the Vulgate version of the Bible written?
answer
Latin
question
Which of the following manuscripts showed the greatest influence of Roman illusionism?
answer
Coronation Gospels
question
The style of the Gospel book of Otto III can best be described as ___
answer
Byzantine Formalism
question
It has been said Charlemagne was a man of great energy and learning, a strong patron of the arts, and a sincere admirer of Classical culture. Which of the following do later generations owe to Charlemagne's patronage?
answer
The copying of important classical texts.
question
Later church architecture adopted heavy square piers alternating with columns, dividing the nave into vertical units and mitigating the tunnel-like horizontality of Early Christian basilicas. This system is known as ____
answer
alternate support
question
The Carolingian architectural plan that demonstrated the beginnings of the modular system was found in ____
answer
The Monastery of St. Gall
question
[Short Answer] Contrast the Lindau Gospels book cover and the Gero Crucifix
answer
The Lindau gospels book cover presents the Early christian representation of Christ as a youthful figure. The Gero Crucifix uses the Byzantine formula of a matured bearded Christ figure, showing the drama and blood of the event.
question
[Short Answer] Why is the date, Christmas day, 800 CE , significant?
answer
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of Rome. The event took place in St Peter's basilica.
question
[Short Answer] What is the significance of the term 'holy' when applied to Roman Emperor?
answer
It signifies his Christian faith. This title was meant to imply that the holder was the christian emperor of Rome, the faith's 'capital' in the medieval world.
question
[Short Answer] Briefly describe the contributions of the Iona monks.
answer
They established a monastery in Lindisfarne off the northern coast of Britain. This became a great center for learning as well as a famous scriptorium.
question
[Short Answer] What form did much medieval art from this period take and the reception of it changed?
answer
Most of what art has survived from this period consists of small, portable "status symbols". Items of personal adornment and weapons count among the many objects found. Earlier scholars rejected these items as the minor arts. It is important to recognize that for those living in the Middle Ages these objects were highly regarded.
