Chapter 11: Administration of Medication – Flashcards
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What are the differences among administering, prescribing, and dispensing medication at the medical office?
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Medication that is administered is actually given to a patient at the office. Medication is prescribed when a physician provides a patient with a prescription for a drug to be filled at a pharmacy. Dispensed medication is given to a patient at the office to be taken at home.
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What is the difference between the generic name and the brand name of a drug?
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The generic name of assigned by the manufacturer who develops the drug. The brand name of the drug is what it is marketed under.
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What is a liniment?
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A drug combined with oil, soap, alcohol or water. Liniments are applied externally, using friction, to produce a feeling of heat or warmth.
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What is a spray?
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A fine stream of medicated vapor, usually used to treat nose and throat conditions.
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What is a syrup?
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A drug dissolved in a solution of sugar, water and sometimes a flavoring to disguise an unpleasant taste.
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What is a tablet?
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A powdered drug that has been pressed into a disc.
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What is the purpose of scoring a tablet?
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They are marked with an indentation so that they can be broken into halves or quarters for proper dosage.
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List two drugs that come in the form of chewable tablets.
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Tums, Pesto-Bismol, Children Tylenol
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List two reasons for enterically coating a tablet.
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The coating protects the drug from being destroyed by gastric juices and prevents it from irritating the stomach lining.
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What is a capsule?
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A drug contained in a gelatin capsule that is water-soluble and functions to prevent the patient from tasting the drug.
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Why must a suppository have a cylindrical or conical shape?
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For easy insertion into a body cavity, such as the rectum or vagina.
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What is a transdermal patch?
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A patch with an adhesive backing which contains a drug, that is applied to the skin. The drug enters the circulation after being absorbed through the skin.
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Why is the metric system used most often to administer medication?
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Employs a uniform decimal scale based on units of 10, making it very flexible and logical.
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Define the term volume.
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Volume is the only household unit of measurement used to administer medication. The basic unit of liquid volume is the drop (gtt).
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Describe the use of the household system of measurement.
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It may be the only one a patient can safely do at home most patients are more comfortable measuring drops than minims. They are also more likely to have household measuring devices on hand.
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When is conversion required?
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Conversion is required when medication is ordered in a different unit of measure than it is offered on the label.
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What is a controlled drug?
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A drug that has a potential for abuse, that has restrictions placed on it by federal and state legislation.
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In what forms can a prescription be authorized?
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Including hand-written, computer-generated, and telephoned or faxed to a pharmacy.
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What requirements must be followed when writing a prescription for a schedule II drug?
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The physician must put his or her DEA number in the appropriate space on the prescription blank. No refills allowed.
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List five brand names of schedule II analgesics.
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Discourage, Dilaudid, Demerol, Dolophine, Roxanol, OxyContin, Percocet.
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What requirements must be followed when writing a prescription for a schedule III drug?
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Prescription expires 6 months from issue date. Can be refilled five times from issue date.
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What is a schedule IV drug?
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Lower potential for abuse than drugs. Abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence.
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List three brand names of schedule IV analgesics.
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Stadol, Talwin, Darvon, Darvocet-N.
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List four brand names of schedule IV anti-anxiety agents.
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Xanax, Librium, Valium, Paxipam, Ativan
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Superscription
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Consists of the symbol Rx: this symbol comes from the Latin word recipe and means "take".
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Inscription
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States the name of the drug and the dose.
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Subscription
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Gives directions to the pharmacist. Generally used to designate the number of doses to be dispensed.
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Signatura
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It consists of directions to the patient for taking the medication.
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Why is it important for the patient's age to be indicated on a prescription?
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Because children and the elderly tend to respond more strongly to drugs than young and middle-aged adults.
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What functions can be performed by an EMR prescription program?
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Enters the information into a digital form on the screen of the monitor using free-text entry, drop-down lists, and check boxes.
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What types of medications should be recorded on a medical record form?
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All medications the patient is taking.
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List and describe three factors that affect the action of drugs in the body?
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Age, route of administration, size, time of administration, tolerance to the medication.
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What are the symptoms and treatment of an anaphylactic reaction?
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Symptoms begin with sneezing, urticaria (hives), itching, erythema, angiodema, and disorientation.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the parenteral route of administration?
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They are absorbed more rapidly and completely than medications given orally. If the patient is unconscious the parenteral route may be the only available.
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How do safety-engineered syringes reduce the risk of a needle-stick injury?
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They incorporate a built-in safety feature to reduce the risk of a needle-stick injury.
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What is the purpose of using a filter needle when withdrawing medication from an ampule?
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To filter out small glass particles.
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What sites are used most frequently to administer a subcutaneous injection?
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The upper lateral part of the arms, the anterior thigh, the upper back, and the abdomen.
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List three medications commonly administered through a subcutaneous injection?
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Epinephrine, insulin, and allergy injections.
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Why is medication absorbed faster through the intramuscular route than through the subcutaneous route?
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Because there are more blood vessels in muscle tissue.
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List the four intramuscular (IM) injection sites, and explain why these sites must be used to administer and IM injection.
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Dorsogluteal Site, Deletion Site, Vastus Lateralis Site, Ventrogluteal Site.
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What types of medication are given using the Z-track method.
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Medications that are irritating to the subcutaneous and skin tissue or that discolor the skin must be given intramuscularly using the Z-track method.
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What sites are used most frequently to administer an intradermal injection?
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Areas where the skin is thin, such as the anterior forearm and the middle of the back.
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What is the most frequent use of an intradermal injection?
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Is to administer a skin-test, such as an allergy test or a tuberculin test.
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What are the symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis?
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A chronic cough lasting 3 weeks or longer that produces a mucopurulent sputum, occasional hemoptysis, and chest pain.
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What is latent tuberculosis infection?
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Individuals with no symptoms but are contagious.
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What are examples of categories of individuals who should have tuberculin test?
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People who have close contact daily with someone with TB, immigrated from a country where there is higher TB rates, or work in facilities with people who are high risk.
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Why might a person who was recently infected with tuberculosis have a negative tuberculin skin test result?
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Because it takes 2-10 weeks for a positive reaction to occur.
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What is induration, and what causes it?
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An abnormally raised hardened area with clearly defined margins cause by an accumulation of small, sensitized lymphocytes that occurs in the area the tuberculin was injected.
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What procedures are performed if a patient has a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test?
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A Mantoux TST, or the Tine TST.
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Who should have a two-step tuberculin skin test?
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Someone who tested positive for TB.
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What does it mean if the first test of a two-step tuberculin skin test is negative and the second test is positive? What does it mean if both tests are negative?
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Considered a boosted reaction from a previous TB infection. Patient is classified as non-infected and has a negative baseline TST.
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What is the name of the blood test for tuberculosis?
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QFT-G
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What are 10 examples of common allergens?
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Plant pollens, mold, house dust, animal dander, latex, dyes, soaps, detergents, cosmetics, certain foods, medications and venom from insect stings.
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What is the general treatment for allergies?
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Avoiding the allergens, antihistamines, decongestants, bronchodialtors.
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What is the purpose of patch testing?
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To identify allergens that cause contact dermatitis.
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How long does it tae for a reaction to occur with a skin-prick test?
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15-20 minutes.
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Explain what is meant by each of the following intradermal skin test reactions.
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+- 1 -induration 1mm or less. +2 -induration greater than 1mm and up to 5mm in diameter +3 - induration greater than 5mm and up to 10mm in diameter.
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What are the advantages of in vitro blood testing over direct skin testing?
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The results are not affected by medication; there is no danger of adverse reactions because the test in performed in vitro.
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What is intravenous therapy?
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Intravenous therapy is the administration for a liquid agent directly a patient's vein, where it is distributed throughout the body by way of the circulatory system.
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Which veins are most often used for IV therapy?
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The peripheral veins of the arm and hand.
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What types of liquid agents are administered through IV therapy?
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Basic fluids, medications, nutrients, blood, or blood products.
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List examples of outpatient sites in which IV therapy may be administered.
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Medical offices and clinics, urgent care centers, ambulatory infusion clinics, and the patient's home.
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List five reasons for administering IV therapy in an outpatient setting.
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Administration of IV medications. Replacement of fluids and electrolytes. Administration of blood products. Emergency administration of IV medication and fluids.
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What are the advantages of outpatient IV therapy?
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Earlier hospital discharge, avoidance of hospitalization.
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What requirements must be met before an entry-level medical assistant can perform IV therapy at a medical office?
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If it is legal, they must complete a recognized IV therapy training program, including supervised clinical practice.
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What must be determined by the physician before prescribing IV therapy?
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That there are no alternate routes available, or appropriate to deliver therapy. The patient does not need to be hospitalized to receive the therapy.
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What are the responsibilities of the physician in prescribing IV therapy?
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Prescribes the appropriate treatment plan, orders lab tests to monitor the patients progress, and assess the patient after IV therapy.
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What instructions should the medical assistant relay to a patient scheduled for outpatient IV therapy?
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Provide the patient with instructions, length of time required, any dietary restrictions, wear loose fitting comfortable clothing, and whether someone needs to transport them to and from the appointment.
