Chapter 10 Vocabulary Cell Growth and Division – Flashcards
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asexual reproduction
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process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
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cell division
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the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
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sexual reproduction
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process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism
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chromosome
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a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
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chromatin
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the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins
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cell cycle
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series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
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interphase
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period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
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mitosis
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cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
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cytokinesis
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organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
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prophase
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the first stage of mitosis
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centromere
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a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape
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chromatid
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one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis
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centriole
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one of two small cylindrical cell organelles composes of 9 triplet microtubules
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metaphase
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the second stage of mitosis
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anaphase
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the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle
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teleophase
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opposite of prophase: spindle disapears, chromosomes get longer and tinner, nucleolus and nuclear membrane appear again
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cyclin
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one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
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growth factor
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a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth
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apoptosis
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a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself
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cancer
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any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
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tumor
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an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
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embryo
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an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life
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differentiation
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(biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function
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totipotent
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having the ability to give rise to unlike cells
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blastocyst
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a mass of cells that become organs of a new human being
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pluripotent
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cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types
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stem cell
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an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)
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multipotent
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A stem cell that does not have a lot of diversity but can make themselves or become more specialized.
