Chapter 10 US History 1 – Flashcards
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Industry 1850s North
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Railroads carry raw materials east, manufactures and settlers west - small towns quickly become cities - telegraph wires provide fast communication
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1850s North Immigration
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Immigrants become industrial workers, fear expansion of slavery - slave labor might compete with free labor - could reduce status of white workers unable to compete
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Slavery in the South
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Few immigrants; free, enslaved African Americans meet labor needs In 3 states, blacks are majority; in 2, are half of population Whites fear restriction of slavery will change society, economy
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Agriculture in the South
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South predominantly rural, mostly plantations and small farms Economy relies on cash crops; manufacture under 10% of U.S. goods
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The Wilmot Proviso
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1846; no slavery in territory acquired from Mexico
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North slave territory
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slave territory adds slave states; no jobs for free workers
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South slave territory
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slaves are property under Constitution; fear more free states
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The Compromise of 1850
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Henry Clay offers this to settle disputes over slavery; it is a series of five statues shepherded to passage by Stephen A. Douglas, was approved in September
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The Compromise of 1850 included:
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- called for the admittance of California as a free state, - set the present boundaries for Texas, - allowed the territories of New Mexico and Utah to be organized on the basis of popular sovereignty, - strengthened the fugitive slave law, - abolished the slave trade in Washington D.C.
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Results of the Compromise of 1850
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- Slave states were now outnumbered so the North controlled the Senate and the House of Representatives. - The Compromise of 1850 sowed seeds for Civil War even though it delayed it for ten years. - The delay of the war turned out to be good for the North and bad for the South.
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Henry Clay
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His Accomplishments: The Great Compromiser Missouri Compromise Nullification Crisis Compromise of 1850
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Terms of the Compromise
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Compromise has provisions to appease North and South: - California to be a free state - more effective fugitive slave law - popular sovereignty—residents of territory vote to decide slavery - government to pay Texas $10 million for its claim to eastern NM - slave trade banned in D.C. but slavery permitted Clay gives speech begging North and South to compromise, save Union
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Daniel Webster
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He said, "I wish to speak today not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American, and a member of the Senate of the United States."
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John Calhoun
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He said "see how two peoples so different and hostile can exist together in one common Union."
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Stephen A. Douglas
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He reintroduces resolutions individually
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Millardd Fillmore
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Taylors successor; supported the comprise
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Fugitive Slave Act
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part of Compromise of 1850, has very harsh terms • Alleged fugitives denied jury trial, right to testify on own behalf • Federal commissioners paid more for returning than freeing accused • People convicted of helping a fugitive fined, imprisoned, or both
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Personal liberty laws
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forbid prison for fugitives, grant jury trials
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Underground Railroad
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secret network of people who help slaves escape
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Harriet Tubman
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- escapes from slavery, becomes "conductor" on 19 trips - "Moses" - Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. - $40,000 bounty on her head. - Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
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William Stills
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Abolitionist and Conductor of the Underground Railroad
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PAS
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Assisted Free Black Population of Philadelphia through education and jobs
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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1811 - 1896; - "So this is the lady who started the Civil War." - Abraham Lincoln - Her book, Uncle Tom's Cabin, stirs protest
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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- This book shows slavery as moral problem, not just political - Lincoln once noted...."The Book That Made This Great War"
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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1854; allows popular sovereignty on slavery
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John Brown
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an abolitionist described by one historian as "a man made of the stuff of saints." He believed that God called him to fight slavery - Martyr, Mad-Man, Hero?
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Franklin Pierce
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Democrat; elected president in 1852
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Nativism
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belief in favoring native-born Americans over immigrants
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Know-Nothing Party
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Nativists form American Party (1854)
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Liberty Party
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pursues abolition through laws; affects 1844 election
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Free-Soil Party
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opposes extension of slavery into territories.
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Horace Greeley
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abolitionist, helps found Republican party
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Republican Party
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1854, unhappy Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers, Know-nothings, abolitionists
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The 1856 Election
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Republicans select John C. Frémont Democrat James Buchanan elected; secession averted
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Dred Scott
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slave who had lived in free areas sues for freedom
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Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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1857, hands down decision - slaves do not have rights of citizens - no claim to freedom, suit begun in slave state - Congress cannot forbid slavery in territories
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The Lecompton Constitution
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- Proslavery Kansas government writes this constitution, seeks statehood - Referendum votes down constitution; President Buchanan endorses it - Stephen Douglas gets second referendum; voters reject it again
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Douglas's Freeport Doctrine
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elect leaders who do not enforce slavery
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Harpers Ferry
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1859, leads band to federal arsenal in this to get arms
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Southern Secession
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*South Carolina and 6 other states secede: - want complete independence from federal control - fear end to their way of life - want to preserve slave labor system
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The Election of 1860
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- Democrats split over slavery - Lincoln wins with less than half of popular vote
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The Republican Convention
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Overflowing crowds attend presidential convention in Chicago.
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Confederacy
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permits slavery, recognizes each state's sovereignty
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Jefferson Davis
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Former senator unanimously elected president during confederacy.
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James Buchanan
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calls secesssion illegal
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John C. Frémont
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the famed "Pathfinder "who had mapped the Oregon trail and led the troops into California during the war with Mexico
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Middle-class Protestants
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Afraid of Catholicism and Catholics coming from Ireland
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Umberella
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used to symbolize the Republicans who believed in one thing, everyone supports ending the expansion of slavery.
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Cotton Industry
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- Because of the boom in the this, slavery is critical in the South - North uses the South's cotton
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Cotton Mills
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beginning of technology
