Chapter 10 STUDY GUIDE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE!!! – Flashcards
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variety of life and essential interdependence of all living things
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what is biodiversity
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1.7 million most are insects
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How many species exist? What category do most of these fall into?
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-Species diversity -Ecosystem diversity -Genetic diversity
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What are the three types of biodiversity?
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refers to all the differences between populations of species
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What is species diversity?
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refers to the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes within and between ecosystems
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What is ecosystem diversity?
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refers to all the different genes contained within all members of a population
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What is genetic diversity?
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species that are critical to the functioning of an ecosystem ex: sea otter, dolphins, Indian elephants
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What is a keystone species? Be able to give examples.
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sea urchins had no more predators, multiplied and ate all of the kelp. The kelp beds began to disappear from the area.
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What happened when otters were wiped out in the Pacific Northwest in the 1800's?
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when population shrinks, genetic diversity decreases. the chances of long-term survival are lower.
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What is a genetic bottleneck and what happens when one occurs?
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North America, Central America, and South America
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Where do common crops like corn and beans come from?
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medicines, crops, industry, aesthetics, recreation, ethics
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What reasons do we have to preserve biodiversity?
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when we depend on too few plants for food.
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When are crops likely to be wiped out by disease and how can biodiversity prevent this?
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a form of tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas.
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What is ecotourism?
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species that is not native to a particular region.
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What is an exotic species?
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species that are native to and found only within a limited area.
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What is an endemic species?
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species that is likely to become extinct if protective measures aren't taken immediately.
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What is an endangered species?
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species that has a declining population and that is likely to become endangered if not protected.
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What is a threatened species?
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because human growth has accelerated
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Why have around 25% of all species become extinct in the past 2 centuries?
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between 1800 and 2100
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When did most species go extinct?
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destruction of habitats, introduction of nonnative species, pollution, and the over-harvesting of species.
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What human activities lead to extinctions?
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the most threatened areas of high species diversity. biomes: topical rainforests, coastal areas, and islands.
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What are hotspots and where do we find them? What kinds of biomes are they?
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dragon tree, lemurs, gray's monitor lizard, sword nosed bat
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Be able to give examples of endangered species found in hotspots (pg 250.)
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Florida Everglades, California coastal region, Hawaii, Midwestern prairies
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Where are the biodiversity hotspots in the US? There are multiple.
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Development along waterways, overfishing, and pollution
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What human activities can disrupt coral reefs?
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keeping and breeding the species in captivity.
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What are some different ways to preserve just one species?
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any form of genetic material of plants and animals
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What is germ plasm?
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to display exotic species.
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Understand the original purpose of zoos, aquariums, etc., and know that they now perform captive breeding as a way to help preserve species.
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shade-grown coffee
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What are sustainable products? Example?
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-Compiles list of species -Demands fines of people who sell species on the list -Prevents govt from harming endangered species when carrying out projects -Creates a species recovery plan
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What does the Endangered Species Act do?
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a plan that attempts to protect one or more species across large areas of land through trade-offs or cooperation agreements.
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What is a habitat conservation plan?
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International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Red list - list of species in danger of extinction around the world.
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What is the IUCN and what is its Red List?
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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. first effective effort to stop the slaughter of African elephants.
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What is CITES?
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an important result of the Earth Summit was an international agreement
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What is the Biodiversity Treaty?
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World Wildlife Fund. encourages sustainable use of resources and supports wildlife protection.
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What is the WWF?
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because sometimes an endangered species represents a source of food or income.
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Why is it difficult to balance human needs against conservation needs?
