question

Jacob, a sixth grader, entered the middle school academic bowl. According to Erikson, by entering the competition, jacob shows

answer

industriousness

question

beginning in middle childhood, children's self-descriptions start to emphasize

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Both negative and positive characteristics

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School-age children use frequent _____ in their self descriptions

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social comparisons

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Compared to his Western agemates, Chao, who lives in China, will most likely describe himself by

answer

group memberships and relationships

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During childhood and adolescence, perceived ____ correltates more strongly with overall self worth than any other self esteem factor

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Physical appearance

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Compared to his Caucasian-American agemates, leonard, an african american 4th grader, is more likely to have

answer

higher self esteem and a stronger sense of pride

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____ parenting is associated with unrealistically high self-esteem

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indulgent

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Nadia's parents are repeatedly disapporving and insulting. As a result, Nadia probably ____ and relies heavily on ____ to affirm her self worth

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needs constant reassurance; peers

question

When tyler receives a high test grade, he attributes it to luck, but when he gets a low test grade, he attributes it to not being smart. Tyler has developed what

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learned helplessness

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When sally fails, her parents say, "You can't do that, can you? It's okay if you quit." Sally probably will develop what?

answer

learned helplessness

question

Despite their higher achievement, ____ often blame poor performance on _____

answer

girls;ability

question

Teachers who are _____ and emphasize _____ tend to have mastery-oriented students

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Helpful; learning over getting good grades

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Kendall understands that third party perspective taking can be influenced by one or more systems of large societal values. According to selman's theory of perspective taking, Kendall is in what age range?

answer

14 to adult

question

Research on peer groups during middle childhood shows that

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within peer groups, children learn cooperation, leadership, followership, and loyalty to collective goals

question

On a measure of peer acceptance, Michael received a large number of positive and negative votes. Michael would be considered a _____ child

answer

controversial

question

Jose is a rejected-withdrawn child who has developed a learned-helpless approach to peer difficulties. This means tha tJose

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assumes that he will never be liked, no matter what he does

question

In middle childhood, the amount of time children spend with parents

answer

decreases dramatically

question

the overriding factor in a positive adjustment following divorce is...

answer

shielding the child from family conflict and using authoritative child rearing

question

Research on the long term consequences of divorce indicates that..

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most children show improved adjustment by two years after divorce

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According to research on blended families, which child is most likely to have adjustment problems when his or her mother remarries?

answer

Selma, a 15 year old girl

question

Marty, who has 2 kids from a previous marriage, has just remarried and now has two stepchildren. Based on info in your text, you can anticipate that

answer

Marty's contact with his biological children will decline

question

Which of the following is true about child care for school-age children?

answer

low SES children who participate in after care programs exceed their self care counterparts in classroom work habits, academic achievement, and prosocial behavior

question

Children in Western nations mention _____ as the most common source of their fears

answer

Exposure to negative information in the media

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Children who _____ are especially vulnerable to sexual abuse

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Live in homes with a constantly changing cast of characters

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Goran is a child victim of war. Research show sthat Goran is likely to experience

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an increase in anxiety and depression

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Following 9/11, children in public school in brooklyn new york, unlike many war-traumatized children in the developing world,

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received immediate intervention, which included a "trauma curriculum"

question

According to erikson, a sense of ____ can develop in middle childhood when family life fails to prepare chldren for school life or when teachers and peers destroy children's feelings of competence and mastery with negative responses

answer

inferiority

question

Which of the following statements is true about the development of self-concept?

answer

perspective-taking skills are crucial for developing a self-concept based on personality traits

question

Sam is an American 6th grader. Compared to his Asian agemates, when asked to describe himself, Sam is more likely to say which of the following?

answer

i like hockey

question

From middle childhood on, individual differences in self esttem

answer

become increasingly stable

question

Children whose parents use a ____ child rearing style feel especially good about themselves

answer

authoritative

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Over time, the ability of _____ children no longer predicts their performance

answer

learned-helpless

question

Which of the following statements is true about self-conscious emotions in middle childhood?

answer

pride motivates children to take on further challenges, whereas guilt prompts them to strive for self improvement

question

When children in diverse cultures challenge adult authority, thep typically do so

answer

within the personal domain

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Maddy spends most of her time iwth a particular set of friends. Within this group, there are specific standards of behavior, a specialized dress code, and identified leaders. Maddy is most likely

answer

part of a peer group

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Once a friendship forms, ____ becomes its defining feature

answer

trust

question

When classmates are asked to rate each other's likeability, ____ children get many positive votes, whereas ___ children are seldom mentioned

answer

Popular;neglected

question

Research on peer victimization shows that..

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developing a school code against bullying can reduce peer victimization

question

From 3rd grade to 6th grade, boys ____ their identifiaction with "masculine" personality traits, whereas girls identification with feminine personality traits ____

answer

strengthen; declines

question

Despite the concerns of middle childhood, child rearing becomes easier for those parents who established ____ style in the early years

answer

authoritative

question

In the US, the majority of single moms with young children..

answer

live in poverty

question

Which of the following is true about children's temperament and sex differences in adjustment to parental divorce?

answer

Boys active and noncompliant behaviors tend to increase in divorcing households where parental conflict and inconsistent discipline are common

question

Reserach on child sexual abuse indicates that..

answer

the abuser is most often a parent or someone the parent knows well

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