Chapter 10: Practice Test – Flashcards
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1. Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a(n) A) essay contest. B) chess tournament. C) speed-reading tournament. D) spelling bee. E) speech-giving contest.
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B
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2. Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests. A) factor analysis B) content validity C) predictive validity D) reliability E) cultural filters
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C
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3. Self-fulfilling expectations are most likely to be triggered by A) the Flynn effect. B) factor analysis. C) savant syndrome. D) stereotype threat. E) aptitude testing.
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D
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4. Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that A) desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of black American children. B) the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian children are notably higher than those of North American children. C) among American Blacks, those with African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores. D) the Black-White difference in SAT scores has increased since 1979. E) the average vocabulary achievement test scores of North American and Asian children are about the same.
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B
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5. The distribution of intelligence test scores among ________ Americans is represented by the normal curve. A) Asian B) white C) Hispanic D) black E) members of any of the above groups of
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E
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6. Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by the Stanford-Binet. Sorina's chronological age is A) 6. B) 8. C) 9. D) 10. E) 12.5.
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B
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7. Twelve-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 75 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is A) 8. B) 9. C) 10. D) 12. E) 16.
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B
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8. Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called A) achievement tests. B) interest inventories. C) factor analytic measures. D) standardized assessments. E) aptitude tests.
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E
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9. Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess A) academic aptitude. B) divergent thinking. C) emotional intelligence. D) savant syndrome. E) heritability.
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A
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10. Dr. Bronfman has administered her new 100-item test of abstract reasoning to a large sample of students. She is presently comparing their scores on the odd-numbered questions with those on the even-numbered questions in an effort to A) determine the test's validity. B) determine the test's reliability. C) standardize the test. D) factor-analyze the test. E) correlate abstract reasoning abilities.
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B
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11. If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of A) standardization. B) predictive validity. C) reliability. D) content validity. E) heritability.
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C
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12. Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test. A) reliability B) factor analysis C) standardization D) validity E) normal distribution
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D
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13. Aptitude tests are specifically designed to A) predict ability to learn a new skill. B) compare an individual's abilities with those of highly successful people. C) assess learned knowledge or skills. D) assess the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. E) measure educational achievement.
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A
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14. Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the ________ of a test. A) validity B) reliability C) standardization D) normal distribution E) factor analysis
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B
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15. Comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of A) heritability. B) the g factor. C) the Flynn effect. D) emotional intelligence. E) intrinsic motivation.
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C
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16. A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ________ test. A) reliability B) interest C) achievement D) aptitude E) intelligence
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D
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17. If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test A) has not been standardized. B) is not valid. C) is not reliable. D) has not been factor-analyzed. E) does not produce scores that form a normal distribution.
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B
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18. Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called ________ tests. A) factor analysis B) aptitude C) standardized D) achievement E) ability
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D
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19. A bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of a A) factor analysis. B) normal distribution. C) heritability estimate. D) savant syndrome. E) g factor.
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B
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20. When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be A) reliable. B) standardized. C) valid. D) normally distributed. E) internally consistent.
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B
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21. A test has a high degree of validity if it A) measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict. B) yields consistent results every time it is used. C) produces a normal distribution of scores. D) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test. E) assesses aptitude and achievement accurately.
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A
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22. The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test. A) aptitude B) achievement C) standardized D) general intelligence E) diagnostic
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B
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23. A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admissions test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school. The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is A) standardized. B) valid. C) factor-analyzed. D) normally distributed. E) reliable.
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B
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24. The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern is called a A) standardization sample. B) reliability coefficient. C) factor analysis. D) normal curve. E) savant syndrome.
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D
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25. Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students. A) pre-school B) elementary school C) high school D) college E) graduate school
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B
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26. Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all of a person's specific mental abilities as A) IQ. B) heritability. C) the g factor. D) factor analysis. E) emotional intelligence.
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C
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27. In very stressful or embarrassing situations, Sanura is able to maintain her poise and help others to feel comfortable. Sanura's ability best illustrates the value of A) extrinsic motivation. B) heritability. C) divergent thinking. D) savant syndrome. E) emotional intelligence.
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E
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28. To regard an abstract concept as if it were a real, concrete thing is called A) convergent thinking. B) heritability. C) factor analysis. D) reification. E) standardization.
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D
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29. Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize A) Terman's concept of innate intelligence. B) Spearman's concept of general intelligence. C) Binet's concept of mental age. D) Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences. E) Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.
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D
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30. One component of emotional intelligence involves A) the ability to completely forget emotionally traumatic experiences. B) a lack of concern about receiving social approval. C) predicting accurately when feelings are about to change. D) selectively focusing attention on positive thoughts and feelings. E) repressing unwanted, hostile emotions.
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C
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31. Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence. A) intrapersonal B) creative C) spatial D) musical E) physical
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B
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32. In one experiment, college students were either aware or unaware that experts would evaluate their creativity in constructing paper collages. This experiment most directly illustrated that creativity is facilitated by A) intrinsic motivation. B) emotional intelligence. C) the Flynn effect. D) convergent thinking. E) imaginative thinking skills.
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A
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33. The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of A) emotional intelligence. B) heritability. C) mental age. D) savant syndrome. E) divergent thinking
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A
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34. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of A) convergent thinking. B) validity. C) the g factor. D) mental age. E) emotional intelligence
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E
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35. Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence? A) Trudy, a high school student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course B) Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff C) Wilma, a schoolteacher who refuses to pay taxes because they are used to develop new weapons D) Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time E) Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error
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D
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36. Who is most likely to be criticized for extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of talents? A) Howard Gardner B) Lewis Terman C) Charles Spearman D) Alfred Binet E) B. F. Skinner.
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A
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37. Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of A) predictive validity. B) factor analysis. C) heritability. D) the g factor. E) reliability.
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D
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38. A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of test items that seem to tap a common ability is called A) correlational measurement. B) standardization. C) reliability assessment. D) criterion-based validation. E) factor analysis.
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E
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39. Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates A) neural plasticity. B) factor analysis. C) predictive validity. D) divergent thinking. E) framing skills.
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D
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40. The Flynn effect is least likely to be explained in terms of A) changes in human genetic characteristics. B) increasing educational opportunities. C) reductions in family size. D) improvements in infant nutrition. E) changing communication technologies.
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A
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41. Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by A) an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules. B) their ability to imitate the words and grammar modeled by parents. C) the learned association of word sounds with various objects, events, actions, and qualities. D) the positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly. E) operant and classical conditioning techniques.
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A
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42. A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called A) framing. B) insight. C) a heuristic. D) belief perseverance. E) an algorithm.
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B
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43. Speed-reading complex material yields little long-term retention because it inhibits A) the serial position effect. B) retroactive interference. C) the next-in-line effect. D) proactive interference. E) rehearsal.
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E
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44. The fact that elderly people are often less able than younger adults to recall recently learned information can be best explained in terms of the greater difficulty older people have with A) automatic processing. B) iconic memory. C) state-dependent memory. D) retrieval. E) implicit memory.
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D
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45. Which of the following is an unconditioned response? A) playing jump rope B) running through a maze to get a food reward C) sweating in hot weather D) clapping after a thrilling concert performance E) getting money as a reward
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C
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46. Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by A) cognitive processes. B) biological predispositions. C) environmental factors. D) continuous reinforcement. E) latent learning.
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B
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47. The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates A) relative motion. B) retinal disparity. C) the phi phenomenon. D) visual capture. E) perceptual adaptation.
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C
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48. Accommodation refers to the A) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. B) system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. C) quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. D) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. E) process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.
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E
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49. Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be A) underweight. B) autistic. C) hyperactive. D) hearing impaired. E) insecurely attached.
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A
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50. Maturation refers to A) the acquisition of socially acceptable behaviors. B) biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience. C) any learned behavior patterns that accompany personal growth and development. D) the physical and sexual development of early adolescence. E) experiential studies performed on older adults to assess crystallized intelligence.
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B
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51. In comparison to 40 years ago, American women today are more likely to marry for the sake of A) economic advantage. B) social status. C) reproductive success. D) gender identity. E) love.
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E
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52. Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are A) less likely to be the same sex and more likely to be similar in extraversion. B) more likely to be the same sex and more likely to be similar in extraversion. C) more likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. D) less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. E) less likely to be the same sex and equally likely to be similar in extraversion.
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D
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53. By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in A) behavior genetics. B) emotion. C) socialization. D) mental processes. E) mental health.
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D
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54. The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of A) withdrawal. B) dissociation. C) resistance. D) tolerance. E) narcolepsy.
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D
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55. A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of A) tomography. B) brain plasticity. C) lateralization. D) hemispherectomy. E) aphasia.
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B
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56. An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the A) initiation of neural impulses. B) release of endorphins into the central nervous system. C) release of hormones into the bloodstream. D) activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system. E) inheritance of behavioral predispositions.
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A
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57. In a distribution of test scores, which measure of central tendency would likely be the most affected by a couple of extremely high scores? A) median B) range C) mode D) standard deviation E) mean
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E
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58. The IQ scores of the five members of the Duluth family are 100, 82, 104, 96, and 118. For this distribution of scores, the range is A) 6. B) 14. C) 36. D) 48. E) 100.
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C
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59. The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by A) Wundt. B) James. C) Descartes. D) Watson. E) Freud.
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B
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60. Which perspective is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits? A) evolutionary B) cognitive C) behavior genetics D) social-cultural E) psychodynamic
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C
