question

The following are cofactors

answer

selenium, copper, iron, zinc, and manganese

question

The following factors can cause free radical formation

answer

pollution, tobacco, smoke, overexposure to the sun

question

Atoms with unpaired electrons are called

answer

free radicals

question

carotenosis is a condition causing yellow or orange pigments in the skin. It is caused by consuming too much of

answer

deep green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables

question

To increase their absorption of iron, a person with low iron stores may benefit from consuming iron sources along with foods rich in vitamin...

answer

C

question

One serious consequence of a vitamin A deficiency is.

answer

xerophthalmia

question

is the heart disorder caused by a selenium deficiency

answer

Keshan disease

question

is a disease associated with a deficiency of Vitamin C.

answer

scurvy

question

.is the cooking method most likely to decrease the Vitamin C content of vitamin C-rich foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables

answer

Boiling

question

The following foods contain the highest amount of selenium

answer

halibut

question

The following is a poor source of vitamin E

answer

Milk

question

The following is a major symptom of vitamin C deficiency

answer

tissue hemorrhage

question

The following is not a key function of Vitamin A.

answer

enhancing absorption of iron

question

The following plays the primary role in the body's physiological functions

answer

retinol

question

The following foods has the highest beta-carotene content.

answer

Pumpkin

question

The following nutrients does not have a Recommended Daily Allowance

answer

beta-carotene

question

is the tocopherol compound that is the most potent form of vitamin E

answer

alpha

question

Smokers needs much more vitamin C per day above the Recommended Daily Allowance for non-smokers

answer

35 mg/day

question

Night blindness can result from a deficiency of which nutrient.

answer

Vitamin A

question

What are oxidation and free radicals?

answer

Oxidation is When fruit is cut, it opens up cells; enzymes in fruit now have access to oxygen in air; browning results. Free Radicals are Unstable atom with an unpaired electron becomes charged

question

When do free radicals become a problem in the body? And what are some of the conditions that can be a result of damaged cells by free radicals?

answer

When they Scavenge the body to grab or donate electrons causing cell damage and Overproduction of free radicals can damage healthy cells. Conditions from damaged cells are Stroke ; Cancer ; Alzheimer's ; Heart Disease ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; and Cataracts

question

What dietary factors contribute to cancer?

answer

Salty Foods, excess calorie intake and obesity, Avoid sugary drinks and Limit consumption of energy dense foods

question

What dietary factors inhibit cancer?

answer

Antioxidants and phytochemicals, Vitamin C and E help prevent formation of nitrosamines (carcinogen) in GI tract, and Fruit and vegetable intake reduces risk of nearly all types of cancer

question

What percentage of all cancer deaths could be prevented if everyone followed the American Cancer Society's recommendation to quit smoking?

answer

33%

question

To reduce the risk of skin cancer, one should limit sunlight exposure to no more than __________ minutes between 10 AM and 4 PM.

answer

20

question

Which of the following is linked to cervical cancer?

answer

HPV

question

Which of the following cooking methods will likely destroy the MOST vitamin C in food?

answer

Boiling

question

Vitamin A is

answer

essential to sight, cell differentiation, and protection of LDL proteins from oxidation

question

During which phase do cancerous cells metastasize?

answer

progression

question

What type of cancer has the highest mortality rate?

answer

lung cancer

question

Vitamin C enhances _____ absorption

answer

Iron

question

Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage?

answer

Prooxidant

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?

answer

FALSE:Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals; TRUE: Exposure to pollution increases free radical production; Free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism; Many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to free radical damage

question

To what does Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) refer?

answer

how much vitamin A is available after it has been converted from beta-carotene

question

Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?

answer

They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol

question

Research has shown a consistent and strong link between taking beta-carotene supplements and a reduced risk of developing cancer

answer

False

question

A free radical is highly unstable because it has unpaired electrons in its outermost shell.

answer

True

question

The deficiency disease associated with vitamin C is

answer

Scurvy

question

Cooking meat at high temperatures can result in the formation of

answer

Heterocyclic amines

question

An example of an action that decreases cancer risk is _________.

answer

eating a variety of brightly colored vegetables

question

Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?

answer

Vitamin C

question

The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Which of the following should Julie consume with her iron supplement to increase its absorption?

answer

a glass of orange juice

question

Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is

answer

Water Soluble

question

Which of the following is NOT a major type of cancer treatment?

answer

FALSE: catheterization TRUE: radiation, surgery, chemotherapy

question

T/F Free radicals are a normal by-product of our body functions.

answer

T. Free radicals are highly unstable atoms that can destabilize neighboring atoms or molecules and harm our cells; however, they are produced as a normal by-product of human physiology

question

T/F Taking large doses of vitamin C supplements reduces our risk of suffering from the common cold

answer

F. Overall, the research on vitamin C and colds does not show strong evidence that taking vitamin C supplements reduces our risk of suffering from the common cold

question

T/F Eating carrots promotes good vision.

answer

T. Carrots are an excellent source of beta-carotene, a precursor for vitamin A, which helps maintain good visions

question

Oxidation is best described as a process in which a. radiation causes a mutation in a cell's DNA b. an atom loses an electron c. an element loses an atom of oxygen d. a compounded loses a molecule of water

answer

an atom loses an electron

question

Which of the following disorders is linked to the production of free radicals a. cardiovascular disease b. carotenosis c. ulcers d. all of the above

answer

cardiovascular disease

question

Which of the following function as a cofactor in antioxidant enzyme systems a. iron b. zinc c. copper d. all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is a role of both vitamin E and vitamin C? a. both vitamins spare vitamin A b. both vitamins donate electrons to free radicals c. both vitamins are critical cofactors in antioxidant enzyme systems d. all of the above are true

answer

both vitamins donate electrons to free radicals

question

Which of the following is a function of vitamin C a. promotes the differentiation of epithelial cells, such as skin cells and mucus producing lining cells b. prevents the rupturing of blood cells in erythrocyte hemolysis c. promotes the synthesis of collagen in connective tissues in skin, bone, and other organs d. improves the absorption of vitamin A if dietary vitamin

answer

promotes the synthesis of collagen in connective tissues in skin, bone, and other organs

question

Which of the following statements about beta-carotene is true? a. beta-carotene is a water soluble form of vitamin A b. beta-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid c. the RDA for beta-carotene is twelve times the RDA for vitamin A d. None of the above is true

answer

beta-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid

question

The light-sensitive pigment rhodopsin a. is composed of retinol and a lipid called opsin b. is found in the cone cells of the retina c. contains vitamin A in the form of retinal d. both a and b are true

answer

contains vitamin A in the form of retinal

question

Taking daily doses of three to four time the rda of which of the following nutrients may cause death? a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin E d. selenium

answer

vitamin A

question

T/F Free radical formation can occur as a result of normal cellular metabolism.

answer

T

question

T/F Pregnant women are advised to consume plenty of beef liver.

answer

F. Beef liver is very high in preformed vitamin A which can build to toxic levels very quickly and cause birth defects and spontaneous abortions. As a result, pregnant women are advised to avoid eating liver on a daily or even weekly basis.

question

Tocopherol is the biologically active form of vitamin E in our body

answer

True

question

Vitamin C helps regenerate vitamin A

answer

False. Vitamin C helps regenerate vitamin E

question

Reliable food sources of selenium include beef liver, pork, and seafood.

answer

True

Chapter 10 Nutrients Involved in Antioxidant Function and Vision – Flashcards

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