Chapter 10 Mastering – Flashcards

Inputs of the Light Reactions

Outputs of the Light Reactions

Inputs of the Calvin Cycle

Outputs of the Calvin Cycle

In the light reactions, light energy is used to oxidize_______ to _______.

The electrons derived from this oxidation reaction in the light reactions are used to reduce_____ to _________.

The Calvin cycle oxidizes the light-reactions product_______ to _________.

The electrons derived from this oxidation reaction in the Calvin cycle are used to reduce_____ to ______.

Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis? A. 6 CO₂ + 6 O₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O B. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O C. 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ D. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy E. H₂O → 2 H+ + 1/2 O₂ + 2e-

The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____. A. carbon dioxide ... oxygen B.water ... NADPH C. NADPH ... oxygen D. NADPH ... NADP+ E. carbon dioxide ... sugar

Which statement is correct concerning the reaction shown in Figure 10.1? A. The carbon atoms in glucose are oxidized; the oxygen atoms in the oxygen molecule (O₂) are oxidized. B. The carbon atoms in glucose are reduced; the oxygen atoms in the oxygen molecule (O₂) are oxidized. C. The carbon atoms in glucose are reduced; the oxygen atoms in the oxygen molecule (O₂) are reduced. D. The carbon atoms in glucose are oxidized; the oxygen atoms in the oxygen molecule (O₂) are reduced.

What two molecules produced during the light-capturing reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle? A. glucose and oxygen B. carbon dioxide and oxygen C. oxygen and water D. NADPH and ATP

During photosynthesis, the light energy from the sun is captured and stored in the bonds of _____. A. water B. hemoglobin C. oxygen D. sugars

The molecules that absorb only certain wavelengths of light energy from the sun to begin the photosynthetic reactions are called _____. A. pigments B. oxygen C. chloroplasts D. stroma

Chlorophyll molecules donate electrons to an electron acceptor ____. A. in the reaction center B. at night C. in the antenna complex D. when fluorescence occurs

Why are violet-to-blue and red photons the most effective at driving photosynthesis? A. These are the wavelengths of light absorbed by chlorophyll molecules. B. These are the wavelengths of light absorbed by carotenoids. C. These are the wavelengths of light reflected by chlorophylls. D. These are the wavelengths of light transmitted by chlorophylls.

Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment? A. green, blue, and yellow B. green and yellow C. blue and violet D. blue, green, and red E. red and yellow

Photosystem II (PS II) Only:

Photosystem I (PS I) Only:

Both PS I and PS II:

Water → P680⁺

P680 → Pq (plastoquinone)

Pq → p700⁺

P700 → Fd (ferredoxin)

Fd → NADP⁺

In the Z-scheme ____ is the initial electron donor and ____ is the final electron acceptor. A. water; oxygen B. ATP; carbon dioxide C. NADPH; oxygen D. water; NADP+

Which statement is most accurate concerning how photosystem II compares to the electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria? A. In both systems, ATP is produced by chemiosmosis. B. Photosystem II produces ATP through chemiosmosis; the ETC of mitochondria produces ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. C. In both systems, high-energy electrons come from NADH. D. The ETC associated with photosystem II shares no similar components with the ETC of mitochondria.

In C₃ plants the conservation of water promotes _____. A. a shift to C₄ photosynthesis B. the light reactions C. photosynthesis D. the opening of stomata E. photorespiration

In C₄ and CAM plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells. A. stomata B. thylakoids C. cytoplasm D. stroma E. grana

C₄ plants differ from C₃ and CAM plants in that C₄ plants _____. A. open their stomata only at night B. transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs C. use malic acid to transfer carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle D. are better adapted to wet conditions E. use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon dioxide

The enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis is _____. A. ATP synthase B. carbon dioxidase C. chlorophyll D. rubisco

The light-independent reactions of plants function to make organic molecules using carbon dioxide as a carbon source. What is the electron source that helps reduce carbon dioxide to sugars and other organic molecules? A. NADH B. ATP C. NADPH D. electrons from oxygen

What conditions favor photorespiration? Photorespiration occurs when: A. the level of CO₂ is high and the air temperature is low B. levels of O₂ are high and light are low C. levels of CO₂ are low and O₂ are high D. levels of CO₂ are high and O₂ are low

What are its consequences for the plant? Check all that apply. A. a protective role under some conditions B. increase of crop yield C. some of the products are involved in plant signaling and development D. less sugar is produced E. more sugar is produced

Where do the excited electrons flowing through photosystem II originally come from? A. sunlight B. antenna complex C. H₂O D. O₂

The proton gradient established by photosystem II is best described as what form of energy? A. chemical energy B. potential energy C. kinetic energy

The flow of carbon through photosynthesis can best be described as __________. A. oxidation of a six-carbon sugar to form CO₂ B. reduction of CO₂ to form a six-carbon sugar C. oxidation of CO₂ to form a six-carbon sugar

Which of the following best characterizes gas exchange in animals versus plants? A. Animals take in O₂ and release CO₂. Plants take in and release both O₂ and CO₂. B. Animals take in O₂ and release CO₂. Plants take in CO₂ and release O₂. C. Both animals and plants take in and release O₂ and CO₂. D. Animals take in and release both O₂ and CO₂. Plants take in CO₂ and release O₂.

True or false? If you added radiolabeled O₂ to a chamber containing algae and snails to trace the pathway of oxygen through cell respiration and photosynthesis, the label would first be detected in CO₂.

True or false? If you added radiolabeled CO₂ to a chamber containing algae and snails to trace the pathway of carbon through cell respiration and photosynthesis, the label would be detected in glucose.

Cell respiration and photosynthesis both establish a gradient of protons to drive ATP synthesis. Which reactions are involved? A. mitochondrial electron transport chain and photosystem I reactions B. glycolysis and photosystem I reactions C. photosystem II and Calvin cycle reactions D. photosystem II and mitochondrial electron transport chain reactions